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International Review of Civil Engineering - May 2012 (Vol. 3 N. 3) - Papers

 

 
   

 

 


 

 

International Review of Civil Engineering - Papers

 

go to top   Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using External Anchored and Internal Bonded Steel Bars
         by Zaki I. Mahmoud, Eltony M. Eltony

        Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 218-223

 

Abstract - Existing concrete structures may require strengthening or stiffening in order to increase their structural performance. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for enhancing the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams using two different techniques, external pre-tensioned stirrups and internal bonded vertical steel bars. A total of seven beams were tested in this program. All beams were designed to fail in shear mode; to assess the actual increase in shear strength by devised strengthening techniques. One of the beams was tested as control beam; whereas other beams were strengthened as the following. Two beams were strengthened with vertical internal epoxy bonded bars, two beams were strengthened with vertical internal epoxy bonded with end anchored bars, and two beams were strengthened with vertical externally anchored stirrups. All techniques were found to be effective in enhancing the shear strength of beams. However, the internal epoxy bonded and end anchored bars were found to be more effective than non anchored bars. Beams strengthened using this technique failed at a load almost 110 % higher than the control beam. The externally anchored steel stirrups provided an average of 100 % increase in shear capacity as compared to the control beam, while the internal epoxy bonded bars without mechanical anchors failed at a load 60% higher than the control beam.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Concrete Beams, Epoxy Bonding Stirrups, External Stirrups, And Shear Strengthening.

 


 

go to top   Experimental Study on Bubble Deck Slabs
         by Muyasser Mohammed Jomaa'h, Alaa Tawfiq Ahmed

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 224-233

 

Abstract - This research is based on creating gaps in several models of concrete slabs (by using ping pong balls). This modification was done to reduce the weight (which leads to reduce the cost) and state effects on the ultimate load capacity (q ult.) corresponding to deflection (Δ max. at centre). Results were compared with the model calibration (which does not contain gaps). Reduction in weight, change in ultimate load capacity and deflection of the models selected were measured. Linked variables (the ultimate load, deflection, weight, the gaps proportion and the distance between the edges of all the adjacent balls) were obtained to get equations supporting designer which can determine the best proportion of gaps according to the requirements of the structural member.
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Keywords: Bubble Deck Slabs, Hollow Slabs.

 


 

go to top   Taking into Account the Harmfulness of the Seismic Signal in Assessing the Seismic Performance of Buildings Self-stable
         by Kahil Amar, Hamizi Mohand, Hannachi Nacer Eddine

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 234-239

       

Abstract - New approaches that involve defining a level of performance associated with a level of seismic loading based partly on the ability of these approaches to describe the damage corresponding to the targeted level of performance, and Moreover, the relevance of the representation of seismic motion which may be associated level of seismic hazard. Different representations of this signal have been developed by researchers and engineers in order to understand the harmfulness of an earthquake, by calculating the indicators of harm associated with these representations. For engineers, the damaging potential of an earthquake is a major issue. Indeed, the design of a structure requires the data of seismic movement, as a spectrum or an accelerogram and correspondingly raises the question of assessing the harmfulness of the selected event, its representativeness or his conservatism vis-à-vis the seismic attack may occur. The estimation of the performance which is based on seismic the positioning of the performance obtained by a method of superposition of two curves seismic demand and capacity, which is obtained by the first processing records in response spectrum and the second by the Pushover method. The aim of our study is evaluating the seismic performance of a self-stable concrete according to the harmfulness of the seismic signal.

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Keywords: Seismic Signal, Performance, Pushover Method, Indicators of Harm.

 


 

go to top   Removal of Fecal Coliforms in Pond Systems with Different Configurations and Screens
         by Facundo Cortés Martínez,Alberto Diosdado Salazar, Arnulfo Luévanos Rojas, Ramón Luévanos Rojas, Armando Cesar Uranga Sifuentes

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 240-250
   

Abstract - This paper makes a comparative analysis of results in the design of a treatment plant based on a lagoon system: distinct configurations were considered as well as different number of screens in the facultative pond in order to establish the smallest possible area for project. The results obtained indicate higher removal efficiency of fecal coliform in the arrangements that include screens. The difference in areas is also important. It is recommended that this study is carried out experimentally and then true scale, then compare the results with which determines the design procedure.
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Keywords: Fecal Coliforms, Hydraulic Efficiency, Stabilization Ponds, Screens, Treatment Plants, Flow Patterns.

 


 

go to top   Laboratory Experiments on Levee Breach and Inundation in Low-land with Particular Reference to Relative Height of River Bed to Floodplain
         by M.S. Islam, T. Tashiro, T. Tsujimoto

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 251-258

       

Abstract - Levee breach causes severe flood damage as well as floodplain inhabitant's suffering, and particularly in Bangladesh, such as disasters occurs every year during the monsoon. In order to understand disasters due to levee breach, it is important to clarify the phenomena appearing not only at a levee but also in floodplain and along river bed, and it is attempted by using small-scale laboratory experiments. The authors are concurrently carrying out the numerical study along the same scenario, and these two approaches may provide us more information to understand the levee breach and successive disaster. In this study, a particular reference is set on the levee breach by an overflow and phenomena appearing on a floodplain with different relative height of river bed to the floodplain level. One-side levee model is built in a laboratory experimental flume using fine sand with proper compaction. An initial condition provided for the overflow breach is considered with partial crest opening. We changed river bed height, but mild river bed slope is maintained for every run. According to the results, the higher bed level brings more rapid propagation of levee breach and widening with more sediment deposition in the floodplain area, though the discharge provided on the river is smaller. And, it suggests that river bed degradation in the upstream of the levee breach point may cause further risk of the levee breach during the flood.
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Keywords: Breach Levee, Inundation, Sedimentation, Relative Heights of River Bed, Laboratory Experiments.

 


 

go to top   Impact of Safety Edge on Pavement to Prevent Crashes
         by Tamara Chowdhury, Darian Robinson

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 259-265

 

Abstract - Crashes on two-lane rural undivided highways result in nearly sixty percent of the total fatalities on highways of USA. One major reason for these crashes is the interface of the paved roadway surface and the unpaved shoulder. Vertical drop-offs found along the edge of the pavement can guide a driver to overcorrect upon re-entry onto the paved surface. This overcorrection may lead the vehicle to cross into opposing traffic or leave the opposite side of the roadway. A solution to this problem can be to form a thirty-degree tapered transition at the edge of the paved surface called the safety edge. Due to this safety edge a runaway vehicle can smoothly reenter the travel lane from the unpaved shoulder. The safety edge can be constructed with no impact to production and at less than one percent additional material costs. In this study, the number of edge drop-off crashes, edge drop-off fatalities, all rural crashes and fatalities for the State of Alabama has been quantified and analyzed. Fatality due to edge drop-off has been found to be significantly higher than any other crashes. The prevention of edge drop-off to avoid these losses should be considered with extreme importance.
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Keywords: Pavement Safety Edge, Edge Drop-off, Rural Crashes, Fatality.

 


 

go to top   Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash with Slag in Geopolymer Technology: a Review
         by Moslih Amer Salih, Ramazan Demirbogaa, Abang Abdullah Abang Ali

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 266-272

 

Abstract - Geopolymer technology has showed the ability of producing new kind of binders which can be used in producing binder like cement to produce geopolymer concrete. The term geopolymer is referring to inorganic polymers materials. The geopolymer technology is describing a chemical reaction after dissolution between alumina-silicate materials with alkali solution to produce three dimensional alumina silicate structures. The production of a new binder to produce mortar and concrete without using ordinary Portland cement is the best contribution of such new revolutionary technology. Different kinds of materials were investigated to produce the geopolymer binder, such as fly ash, metakaolin and slag. However, still some new materials need to be investigated such as the palm oil fuel ash, a by-product material from the palm oil industry. This review paper showing the ability of using the palm oil fuel ash and the slag together to produce new kind of binder in the geopolymer technology; moreover, there are other parameters and properties needs to be investigated in this technology.
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Keywords: Alkali-activated cement, Alkali-activated slag, Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), Geopolymer Cement.

 


 

go to top   Numerical Simulation of Thermal Behavior Airflow Facades Building in Arid Zone
         by A. Missoum, A. Slimani, B. Draoui, R. Khelfaoui, M. Bouanini, R. Belarbi

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 273-282
 

Abstract - A building is a complex environment due to its geometry and its many stresses caused by fluctuations. Therefore the design of buildings and more specifically its thermal performance is to assist the air flow modeling of physical phenomena. In this work, we study numerically the influence of external stress (temperature) on the flow of air inside the room through a solid interface (front). The system considered consists of two circles, an internal environment that represents the local and external environment that represents the environment of the building separated by a wall. The equations governing the transient natural convection in both media, the heat transfer by convection and heat conduction in the solid wall, are discretized by the finite volume method and are solved using simple algorithm. The convective flow is governed by different control parameters, namely the Rayleigh number (Ra) and the amplitude and the period of the excitation temperature.
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Keywords: Numerical Simulation, Natural Convection, Conduction, Facade, Building , Finite Volume, SIMPLER.

 


 

go to top   Regression Analysis of Error Models Used for Engineering Project Management
         by Jamal M. Assbeihat 

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 283-287

 

Abstract - Modeling of the comprehensive management level of engineering projects lead to some simulation error and minimizing this error is advantageous case of study. Some artificial neural networks (ANN) models with different architectures and different parameters were investigated and the error of each model was analyzed. It was shown that the modeling error can be expressed as a function of ANN parameters especially the number of neurons in the hidden layer, number of training iterations, and the training rate. Satisfactory results were concluded giving a new approach to analyze the engineering project management models and achieve optimal simulation results.
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Keywords: Simulation Error, Number of Neurons In The Hidden Layer, Number Of Training Iterations, And Training Rate.

 


 

go to top   Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings near Reinforced Sand Slopes
         by Fathi M. Abdrabbo, Hassan M. Abouseeda, Khaled E. Gaaver, Enas A. Omer 

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 288-296

 

Abstract - There are many situations where footings are located on or near sloping fills. When a footing is constructed on or near a slope, the bearing capacity of the footing is significantly reduced compared with the same footing resting on horizontal ground surface. Bearing capacity of strip footings near sand slopes attracts the attention of many researchers all over the world. To shed some lights on this problem, fifty four loading tests were conducted on a strip footing model of width 50 mm. The bearing capacity of a strip footing near both unreinforced sand slope and reinforced sand slope was compared. The study indicated that the improvement of the bearing capacity of a strip footing resting near a reinforced sand slope depends upon the embedment depth of the reinforcing layer, and the edge distance of the footing from the slope crest. Moreover, the relative density of the sand has insignificant effect on the improvement performance. The optimum depth ratio of geotextile reinforcement varies from 0.25 to 1.00 times the footing width depending upon the edge distance of the footing. Strip footings at edge distance greater than the footing width from the crest of a reinforced sand slope behave as strip footings on horizontal ground surface. A comparison between the achieved experimental bearing capacity of a strip footing near an unreinforced sand slope and the calculated values from published closed-form solutions was carried out. The study revealed that Meyerhof method [1] underestimates the bearing capacity interpreted at settlement ratio 2.5% from the footing width by a factor of 0.60. While the methods of Gemperline [2] and Graham et al. [3] overestimate the bearing capacity by 14% and 3% respectively. Finally, the paper presents the values of bearing capacity factor for a strip footing near a reinforced sand slope.
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Keywords: Bearing Capacity, Geotextile Reinforcement, Sand Slope, and Strip Footing.

 


 

go to top   A Long-Standing but Insufficiently Addressed Issue in the River Management of Japan
         by G. Huang

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 297-303

 

Abstract - Although flood hydraulics is a classical subject that has been extensively studied over the past half century, the hysteresis in the relationship between discharge and water level and the time difference between peak discharge and maximum water level has not yet been given sufficient attention in Japanese river management practice. In addition to the natural mechanism of hysteresis, there are human-induced mechanisms of hysteresis such as that induced by bridge. The present study provides theoretical reasoning for the necessity of taking the bridge-induced hysteresis into consideration for better river management. The aim of this study is to highlight a problem with regard to the current practice of compilation of flow discharge data in Japan and to further discuss the implications of bridge effects in relation to channel sediment transport capacity. Moreover, it examines this issue from an educational perspective.
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Keywords: Flood Wave, Hysteresis, Bridge, Discharge Compilation, Hydraulics Education.

 


 

go to top   Trend Analyses and BOD5 Removal Assessment of a Brewery Treatment Plant in Nigeria
         by Hilary I. Owamah, Augustine K. Asiagwu, Ify. L. Nwaogazie, Austine Uwague

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 304-308

 

Abstract - The existing treatment plant of a brewery industry in Imo State, Nigeria was assessed to ascertain its BOD5 removal efficiency. This was done by first, taking samples of its wastewater before and after treatment by the existing plant. Sampling and testing of pre and post-treatment wastewater effluents were monitored for a 10-week period, in order to obtain a representative and likely worst-case pollutant scenario. The average BOD5 removal efficiency of the existing plant was calculated as 11.7%. This value was far below the expected plant minimum efficiency of 85%. The weighted average BOD5 was obtained as 112mg/l. A peak BOD5 of 144mg/l was observed in the 5th week, while the least BOD5 value of 80mg/l was observed in the 4th week. Both values exceeded FEPA/FMENV standard for effluent BOD5 discharge into surface water. A total coliform bacteria count of 1200MPN/100ml was observed, as a result of the poor working condition of the chlorination tank this value exceeded FEPA/FMENV standard of 400MPN/100ml.The trend analyses assessment for the parameters (especially BOD5, COD, TSS and TDS) were generally found to be stable or increasing gradually with time. This condition necessitated the designing of an entirely new activated sludge system of length 13m, breath 3.7m, depth 3m, and operating at 93% efficiency.
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Keywords: Sample Collection, Data Analysis, Trend Analysis, Mass Load Determination and Design.

 


 

go to top   Estimation of Ground Subsidence in Earthquake
         by Faroudja Meziani, Amar Kahil, Smail Gab

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 309-313

 

Abstract - Under the effect of earthquake, loss of soil stiffness results in loss of bearing capacity which subsequently lost the support of basic structures that tilt and therefore pack down. The study of settlement of granular media under seismic loading, although it has not retained the attention of many researchers in the past, is crucial if we are to guarantee the good performance of embankments, dikes or land upon which some works at risk. Numerical simulation of soil behavior is performed by numerical methods such as finite difference and finite element method. These methods are programmed in software simulation of increasingly sophisticated. The main objective of this paper is to investigate, by numerical modeling with the code of finite element PLAXIS, variation in settlement of a soil under a rock fill dam port.
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Keywords: Compaction, Dynamic Analysis, Rockfill Dam, Effect of the Earthquake, Soil Dynamics.

 


 

go to top   Experimental and Numerical Study of Distiller Solar: Influence of Parameters
         by Daha Ould Yahdhih, Cheikh Mbow, Abdel Kader Ould Mahmoud, Aboubaker Chedikh Beye

          Vol. 3 n. 3, pp. 314-320

 

Abstract - In this paper, we give the results of measurements carried out on a greenhouse-type distiller to determine the key factors impacting water production and to validate the operation of the distiller. The discussion focuses on the correlations used to model internal transfers, particularly in the numbers of thermal and mass Grashof and the Rayleigh number. These numbers were determined experimentally for this type of distiller. The phenomena of thermal conversion were also discussed to better understand the energy balances and validate the theoretical part. This experiment is carried out in the presence of specific meteorological parameters of the production system of water (distilled).
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved

 

Keywords: Distiller, Numerical Modeling, Transfers, Efficiency, Solar Energy, Modelling and Simulations.

 

 


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