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International Review of Automatic Control - Papers
Primary-Side Control for Series-Parallel Loosely Coupling Chargers
by Yuan-Hsin Chao, Jenn-Jong Shieh
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 728-736
Abstract - This paper proposes a primary-side control for a series-parallel loosely systems are determined by
considering the maximum output power criterion. Furthermore, in order to
impose the operation constraint of minimum volt-ampere (VA) rating of
the adapted full bridge inverter, the analytical solutions for the
multiple operating frequencies as well as the corresponding feasible
conditions are then derived. For enhancing the practical applications,
additionally, not only six operation modes but also an integral-type
phase luck loop (IPLL) to control secondary output power using
primary-side control are further proposed. Finally, two 24V 4.5 Ah
lead-acid batteries with the proposed SPLCC is employed with some
simulation and experimental results to verify the feasibility of the
proposed theory.
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Keywords: Primary-Side Control, Inductive Power Transfer Systems, Maximum Output Power, Minimum Volt-Ampere Rating, Charger, Phase Luck Loop.
Voltage
and Power Regulation for a Sample Power System Using Heuristics Population
Search Based PID Design
by Ahmed
Bensenouci, A. H. Besheer
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 737-748
Abstract - In this paper, a solution for driving a single machine infinite bus power system in a robust manner is presented by blending simple feedback linear control theory with heuristic population-based search algorithms. The
proposed turbo-generator system is equipped with two decoupled
control-loops, namely, the speed/power (governor) and voltage (exciter)
controllers. The regulation of the voltage and power is achieved using
normal structure of the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) that is
assisted by a conventional Power System Stabilizer (PSS). Moreover,
rejection for various kinds of electromechanical modes of oscillations
in the power grid is guaranteed. The design of power and voltage tunable
PID controllers with the conventional PSS is formulated as an
optimization problem. The goal of the design is to minimize the demand
side variation effect while improving the transient performance of the
terminal voltage and power. Using diverse simulation tests - where
different kind of variations in load voltage, parameters change and
symmetrical three phase short circuit are applied - the feasibility and
effectiveness of the proposed controller are illustrated. Moreover, the
superiority of the proposed design is further emphasized through a
comparative study with Generalized Ziegler Nichols (GZN) based PID
designs.
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Keywords: Bacterial Foraging Algorithm, PID Control, A.C. Turbo-Generator System, PSS.
Transient
Stability Enhancement Using SMES-Based Fault Current Limiter
by Mehdi
Jafari, Ali Vafamehr, Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 749-756
Abstract
- In this paper, transient stability improvement of power system
using fault current limiter (FCL) based on superconducting magnetic
energy storage (SMES) is proposed. SMES technology is capable to make dc
reactors with large values because of its superconducting property.
Using such dc reactors in FCL structure can effectively limit the fault
current during short circuits in power lines. To show the additional
merits of such FCL structure, it is applied to transient stability of
single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system with a double circuit
transmission line. Analytical analysis including transient stability
study is presented. In addition, simulation results using EMTDC/PSCAD
software are included to confirm the analytical analysis accuracy.
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Keywords: Fault Current Limiter, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, Transient Stability, Synchronous Generator.
Dynamic
and Steady-State Operational Performance of Induction and Synchronous
Reluctance Motors Powered by PV Generator with MPPT
by Mohammad
S. Widyan, Ghassan. S. Marji, Anas I. Al Tarabsheh
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 757-768
Abstract - This paper presents comprehensive dynamic and steady-state performance characteristics of Induction Motor (IM) and Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SRM) powered by Photovoltaic (PV) cells. The PV generator is interfaced to the motors via DC-DC buck-boost switch mode converter, DC-AC switch mode inverter and filter. The duty cycle of the DC-DC converter is controlled such that to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the output characteristics of the PV generator. The DC-AC inverter has fixed modulating and frequency indices. More sinusoidal input voltage to motors is accomplished by placing LC filter across the output terminals of the inverter. The dynamical study comprises successive step changes on the static load coupled to the motors at various solar irradiances. The PV cells are designed such that their maximum power point, at full solar illumination, is at the rated conditions of each motor. The results are compared to the case of supplying the motors by fixed terminal voltage. Furthermore, the dynamical responses of the motors after successive step changes in the solar intensities are obtained. Steady-state output characteristics of PV-powered motors at different solar illuminations are also outlined and compared with the case of supplying them by fixed terminal voltage. The system under investigation is fully modeled including the nonlinearity of the solar-cell generator and all numerical simulations are carried out based on the nonlinear dynamical mathematical model of the complete system.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Induction Motor, Synchronous Reluctance Motor, PV Array Design and Characteristics, DC-DC Buck-Boost Switch Mode Converter, Maximum Power Point Tracker.
Performance
Analysis of New Three Phase Seven Level Asymmetrical Inverter with Hybrid
Carrier and Sine 60 Degree Reference
by Johnson
Uthayakumar R., Natarajan S. P., Bensraj R.
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 769-775
Abstract - Carrier
based Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) techniques have been used widely for
switching of multilevel inverters due to their simplicity, flexibility
and reduced computational requirements compared to Space Vector
Modulation (SVM). A novel carrier based PWM technique for three phase
Asymmetrical Multi Level Inverter (AMLI) with sine sixty degree
reference is proposed in this paper. The technique is based on the
combination of the Control Freedom Degrees (CFD). The combination of
inverted sine carrier and triangular carrier is used as hybrid carrier
in this work to produce pulses for the power switches used in the
proposed three phase seven level AMLI. This paper investigates the
potentials of hybrid carrier based cascaded multilevel inverter in the
development of medium power AC power supplies with specific emphasis on
Power Conditioning Systems (PCS) for alternate sources of energy. The
performance of chosen inverter is evaluated through MATLAB-SIMULINK
simulation. The performance indices used are Total Harmonic Distortion (THD),
RMS value of output voltage and DC bus utilization. It is observed that
POD and COPWM relatively provide better DC bus utilization and PDPWM &
PODPWM techniques create relatively less distortion for modulation index
ma=0.7-1.
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Keywords: Sine 60, PD, POD, APOD, CO, VF, THD, DF.
Parity
Space Approach Based DC Motor’s Fault Detection and Isolation
by A. Adouni, M.
Ben Hamed, L. Sbita
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 776-782
Abstract - The main object of this paper is the detection and isolation of sensors and actuator’s DC motor faults. To perform fast diagnosis of these defects, discrete-time parity equations with structural residuals approach has been used. It allows, from a model description, to generate signals that deviate from zeros in case of abnormal operation. These signals are, then, compared to the theoretical residuals in order to make the decision. All the faults are successfully detected and isolated.
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Keywords: Analytical Redundancy, DC Motor, Fault Detection, Isolation, Linear System, Parity Space Method, Residual Generation, Diagnosis, Sensor Fault, Actuator Fault.
Novel
Adaptive Control Scheme for Suppressing Input Current Harmonics in Three-Phase
AC Choppers
by T. Suresh
Padmanabhan, M. Sudhakaran, S. Jeevananthan
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 783-789
Abstract - Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) techniques are special kind of optimal PWM techniques. They can generate high quality output waveform through elimination of selected lower order harmonics with a low number of switching transitions. In this paper, a new adaptive current harmonic selective elimination algorithm is proposed for performing harmonic elimination in the supply current of three-phase power converters. The algorithm uses Least Mean Square (LMS) method, which can eliminate any numbers of selected harmonics just by knowing their frequencies and it can also improve the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the line current. This proposed adaptive method is effective in predicting fundamental and harmonic current information from the line current through the self-adjustment of weights of unit sine and cosine components. The predicted harmonic currents are used as the reference signals for selective elimination.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: AC Voltage Controller, Least Mean Square (LMS) Algorithm, Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE).
Decentralized
Adaptive Sliding Mode Exciter Control of Power Systems
by S.
Benahdouga, D. Boukhetala, F. Boudjema, R. Khenfer, M. Meddad
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 790-797
Abstract - The
robustness of parameter variations and external disturbances is the
major property of sliding mode control system. The aim of this paper is
to present a decentralized adaptive sliding mode controller (DASMC) with
a nonlinear sliding surface for nonlinear multi-machine power systems
model. The combination of adaptive approach and sliding mode controller
is used to achieve the decentralization of the control and to exploit
the advantage of the sliding mode control. The feedback linearization
technique is used in order to handle the nonlinearities of power systems
model. Each machine is modeled as an independent uncertain dynamic
subsystem where the uncertainty is a disturbance that represents the
effects of the rest of the system on that particular machine. This
disturbance is expressed as a polynomial function of transient EMF
deviation and its parameters are estimated by an adaptive control. A
local adaptive sliding mode stabilizer is designed to regulate the
machine angle and to stabilize the terminal voltage of each generating
unit in the global system under high level external disturbances. This
method is illustrated with a three machines-infinite bus power systems.
Simulations show that the proposed (DASMEC) provides high-performance in
dynamic characteristics and its robustness with regard to external
disturbance.
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Keywords: Power System Stability, Feedback Linearization Approach, Sliding Mode Control, Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller.
A
Novel Control Strategy for Performance Enhancement of Unified Power Quality
Conditioner
by Nikita
Hari, Vijayakumar K., S. S. Dash
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 798-803
Abstract
- The spiraling growth of power electronics based equipments has
produced a significant impact on the quality of electric power supply.
Conventional power quality mitigation equipment is proving to be
inadequate for an increasing number of applications, and this fact has
attracted the attention of power engineers to develop dynamic and novel
solutions to Power Quality (PQ) problems. This has led to the
development of Custom Power Devices (CPD).One modern and very promising
CPD that deals with both load current and supply voltage imperfections
is the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC).
This paper investigated the development of UPQC control schemes and
algorithms for power quality improvement and implementation of a novel
control strategy to enhance the performance of UPQC. The proposed
control scheme gives better steady-state and dynamic response. The
validity of the proposed control method is verified by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK.
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Keywords: PQ, CPD, UPQC, Power Quality.
Induction
Machine Speed and Flux Control, Using Vector-Sliding Mode Control, with Rotor
Resistance Adaptation
by M.
Moutchou, A. Abbou, H. Mahmoudi
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 804-814
Abstract - This
paper presents a vector control of induction machine improved by using a
sliding mode control and by using Flux sliding mode observer and a MRAS
estimator of rotor resistance, this techniques combination allows to
have a good performance in terms of trajectory tracking and robustness
towards the parametric uncertainties or parametric variations. The
effectiveness and the good performance of this control technique have
been proved by simulation results.
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Keywords: Vector Control, Sliding Mode Control, MRAS Observer, Lyapunov Stability, Induction Motor Drive.
Comparison
of PWM Control Techniques for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter
by R.
Nagarajan, M. Saravanan
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 815-828
Abstract - In this
paper, three novel pulse width modulation techniques which uses saw
tooth carrier waveform, unipolar sine carrier waveform and sine
(regular) carrier waveforms are proposed for nine level cascaded
inverter. In each carrier waveform different techniques such as phase
disposition (PD), inverted phase disposition (IPD), phase opposition
disposition (POD) and alternative phase opposition disposition (APOD)
are implemented. The fundamental output voltage and harmonics obtained
in each method are compared with the output waveform obtained with the
triangular carrier waveform. The proposed switching technique enhances
the fundamental component of the output voltage and improves total
harmonic distortion. The different PWM methodologies adopting the
constant switching frequency multicarrier are simulated for a 1KW, 3φ
inverter using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are verified. The effect
of switching frequency on the fundamental output voltage and harmonics
are also analyzed.
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Keywords: Multicarrier Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (MC SPWM), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Triangular Multicarrier SPWM (TMC SPWM), Saw Tooth Multicarrier SPWM (STMC SPWM), Sine Multicarrier SPWM (SMC SPWM), Unipolar Sine Multicarrier SPWM (USMC SPWM).
Overview
Control Strategies of Series, Shunt, Series/Shunt FACTS Devices for Three
Stability Functions of Power System
by S. F.
Taghizadeh, Younis M. A. A, B. Nikouei, Nadia M. L. Tan, Mekhilef S.
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 829-838
Abstract - This
paper represents an overview of three types of FACTS devices
configurations, categorized by series, shunt and series-shunt consisting
of TCSC, SVC and UPFC. Such devices are the most famous Flexible AC
Transmission System devices in the world. In the first section features
of the devices are introduced briefly, and in the next section control
schemes of each are classified and reviewed for three control functions
of power system such as steady state stability, transient stability and
power oscillation stability. The relevant issues are also considered and
discussed.
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Keywords: FACTS, TCSC, SVC, UPFC, Configuration, Control Function, Control Scheme.
Controller
Synthesis Using the Novel Fuzzy Petri Net
by Mostafa
Bayati, Abbas Dideban
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 839-843
Abstract - Petri net
is a known modeling tool for systematic management and control in
dynamic systems. Classical Petri net have been utilized to model a lot
of discrete event dynamic systems and for controller design purposes. It
is necessary to add new abilities to the classical Petri net, if we want
to keep this tool useful in new complex systems. In this paper we
proposed Petri net modular modeling concepts and the novel Petri net
arithmetic modules, to extend the ability of classical Petri net
modeling tools and for controller synthesis purposes. To show the
performance of the proposed method, we utilized it to implement a fuzzy
Petri net controller in a known case study. To simulate and generate C
source code for implementing the designed controller on embedded
systems, we developed the software with a graphical user interface in
MATLAB environment..
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Keywords: Petri Net, Fuzzy Petri Net, Petri Net Arithmetic Module, Fuzzy Controller Synthesis.
Stability
Enhancement of HVDC System Using PI Based STATCOM
by M. Ramesh,
A. Jaya Laxmi
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 844-853
Abstract - The
necessity to deliver cost effective energy in the power market has
become a major concern in this emerging technology era. Therefore,
establishing a desired power condition at the given points are best
achieved using power controllers such as the well known High Voltage
Direct Current (HVDC) and Flexible Alternating Current Transmission
System (FACTS) devices. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) is used to
transmit large amounts of power over long distances or for
interconnections between asynchronous grids. The system planner must
consider DC alternative in transmission expansion. The factors to be
considered are Cost, Technical Performance and Reliability. The static
synchronous compensator is one of the FACTS devices which resembles in
many respects with a rotating synchronous condenser used for voltage
control and reactive power compensation. Several FACTS equipments are
readily available or still under development based on the thyristor
controlled converters or based on the voltage source inverters (with GTO,
IGBT or IGCT switches). All these equipment provide controllability to
the AC transmission system by adjusting the transmission parameters,
i.e. magnitude and phase angle of bus voltage and transmission line
impedances. There are several successful applications of STATCOM for
reactive power control, load balancing and voltage control. In recent
years, PI control is beginning to receive more attention. The advantages
of applying PI control in power systems are apparent. Modem power
systems are large, complex, geographically widely distributed and highly
nonlinear systems. Moreover, power system operation conditions and
topologies are time varying and the disturbances are unforeseeable. The
focus of this Paper is to identify the improved transient Stability
through control scheme and comprehensive analysis for a Static
Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) on the basis of theory and computer
simulation. By Introducing FACTS Controller into HVDC system we can
improve the power transmission capability and system stability.
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Keywords: Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), High-Voltage DC Transmission (HVDC), STATCOM, Power Transfer Controllability, PI Controller, Faults In HVDC System.
Parameter
Identification of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Using Hartley
Modulating Functions
by B.
Arundhati, K. Alice Mary, M. Suryakalavathi
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 854-859
Abstract - High
performance control of permanent magnet Linear synchronous machines (PMLSM)
requires accurate knowledge of the parameters that describe their
mathematical models. This parameter information enables the controller
to optimize the drive performance and efficiency, and to react to
possible changes in the machine model. Most of the existing approaches
to identification of machine parameters involve matching a given
input-output behavior with empirical discrete-time approximations such
as artificial neural networks, Fuzzy models, model based on wavelets,
etc. In this paper a new methodology is presented that is applicable for
parameter identification of a iron-cored permanent magnet linear
synchronous motor (PMLSM), by defining a set of Hartley modulating
functions (HMF)[2]. The advantages of these modulating functions are
that the differential equations are reduced to a set of algebraic
equations with real coefficients results, the formulations are free from
boundary conditions, and the computations can be made using fast
algorithms for standard discrete transformation [1]. The effectiveness
of the proposed parameter identification algorithm is validated using
both simulation and experimental results.
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Keywords: Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM), Hartley Modulating Functions.
Robust
Design and Efficiency in Case of Parameters Uncertainties, Disturbances and
Noise
by K. M.
Yanev, S. Masupe
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 860-867
Abstract - This
paper contributes in design and application of a robust controller with
two degrees of freedom, capable of suppressing the effects of plant’s
parameters uncertainties, external disturbances and noise. It also
contributes to the analysis of system’s robustness by examining its
sensitivity in terms of all variable and disturbing factors. The method
of the D-partitioning is applied in the course of design of the robust
controller to achieve system’s desired performance and stability. The
graphical results of the system sensitivity for each case of parameters
uncertainties, disturbances and noise are displaying the efficiency of
the designed robust controller. The performance of the robust system is
analyzed to demonstrate its improved stability and transient response.
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Keywords: Parameters Uncertainties, Disturbance, Noise, D-Partitioning, Regions of Stability, Robust Control.
Numerical
Integration Method for Singularly Perturbed Differential-Difference Equations
by Gemechis
File, Y. N. Reddy
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 868-876
Abstract - In this
paper, we have presented a numerical integration method to solve
singularly perturbed differential-difference equations with delay, δ and
advance, η parameters that are sufficiently small. First, we have
replaced the second order singularly perturbed differential difference
equation by asymptotically equivalent first order differential
difference equation. Then, Trapezoidal rule and linear interpolation are
employed to get three term recurrence relation which is solved easily by
Discrete Invariant Imbedding Algorithm. The method is demonstrated by
implementing on several model examples by taking various values for the
delay parameterδ , advance parameter
η and the perturbation
parameter ε.
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Keywords: Advance Parameter, Boundary Layer, Delay Parameter, Differential Difference Equations, Singular Perturbations, Trapezoidal Rule.
Single
Parametric Control of Cascade Brushless DC Motor Drive
by Ibrahim
Al-Abbas, Mohammad Al Kawaldah, Mohammad Al-Khedher, Rateb Issa
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 877-881
Abstract - The
proportional plus integral (PI) control is the most widely used
algorithm to regulate the armature current and speed of Brushless DC
motors in cascade motor drive control systems. However, even when
effective tuning methods are employed to satisfy the desired
performance, the output overshoot is of higher values. In this paper the
PI current controller is replaced with a
proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to eliminate the
overshoot in current loop and then the overshoot in speed loop. Methods
of computing PID current controller parameters are derived using
Internal Model Control as a function of motor parameters. The transfer
function of overall closed loop current is used to determine PI speed
controller parameters. Simulation results show the robustness and the
effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Keywords: Cascade Control, Current Control, Dc Drive, PID Controller.
Parameter
Identification of a DC Motor Via Distribution-Based Approach
by Dorin
Sendrescu
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 882-891
Abstract - In this
paper one presents an algorithm for a DC motor parameters identification
from sample data using the distribution approach. While most of the
latest methods used in identification utilize a discrete-time model, the
distribution method is an alternative approach to directly identify a
continuous-time model from discrete-time data. The relation between the
state variables is represented by functionals using techniques from
distribution theory. Based on these relations, an algorithm for off-line
parameter identification is developed. The method is applied to identify
the parameters of a real experimental platform.
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Keywords: Parameter Identification, DC Motor, Distributions.
Differential
Equations of Synchronous Generators Dynamics for Online Assessment within Energy
Control Centers
by Lucian
Lupsa-Tataru
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 892-900
Abstract - The aim
of present investigation is the formulation of a new system of
differential equations, in normal form, to describe the saturated
synchronous generators dynamics by advancing the d-q axis magnetizing
inductances as expressions in terms of d-q axis winding flux linkages
only. It will be proven that the representation of magnetizing
inductances in this original manner makes it possible to improve the
structure of synchronous generators winding flux linkage state-space
model with the purpose of online assessment. The selection of the
winding flux linkage state-space model is practically justified having
in view the model well-known structural simplicity, what makes it
suitable for straight implementation within energy control centers. The
procedure of representing the d-q axis magnetizing inductances as
functions of only winding flux linkages will be carried out in a
deductive manner that is without distorting the structural equations of
the generalized d-q axis mathematical model of synchronous generators.
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Keywords: Differential Equations, Mathematical Modelling, Nonlinear Systems, Energy Control Center, Synchronous Generators, Magnetizing Inductance.
Composite
Sliding Mode Control of Induction Motors Using Singular Perturbation Theory
by A. Mezouar,
T. Terras, M. K. Fellah, S. Hadjeri
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 901-910
Abstract - In this
paper, a composite sliding mode control-observer approach is presented
for the induction motor drive. This approach, based on the singular
perturbation theory, decomposes the original system into separate slow
and fast subsystems and permits that separate slow and fast control and
observer can be designed for each subsystem and then combined into a
composite control and observer for the original system. The controller
design uses the sliding mode technique and is divided in two phases:
slow control and fast control so that a final composite control is
obtained. In addition and assuming that only the fast states are
available; a two time scale sliding mode observer design is proposed for
which a stability analysis is easily made. The simulations results
validate the performance of the proposed approach.
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Keywords: Induction Motor, Singular Perturbation, Sliding Mode Control, Observer, Stability.
Robust
Control Design for a Semi-Batch Reactor
by František
Gazdoš
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 911-920
Abstract - The paper
presents control system design for an exothermic semi-batch reactor used
for tanning waste recovery. It demonstrates that this highly nonlinear
system can be successfully controlled by a relatively simple fixed
controller designed robustly. For this purpose the systematic algebraic
approach with some useful tools from the robust control theory are
fruitfully exploited. The first part presents a simplified mathematical
model of the process together with all its parameters and limits.
Further in the paper, a complete procedure of control system design
including system identification, controller design, robustness analysis
and simulation verification are described in detail.
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Keywords: Algebraic Approach, Modelling, Robust Control, Semi-Batch Reactor, Simulation.
Effective
Detection, Identification and Measurement Strategies of Market Power and Their
Comparison
by R.
Esmaeilzadeh, H. Eskandari, M. Amjadi, M. Farrokhifar
Vol. 5. n. 6, pp. 921-930
Abstract - To cure a
market which is infected by market power, or to vaccinate the market
against it, first of all market power should be detected then, measured
and identified via appropriate tools and indices. Therefore more
powerful methods and indices to search created market power or market
power potential will result the most appropriate solution to decrease
it. In this paper, different methods of analysis, identification and
detection are studied and then drawbacks and advantages of each one
encountered to different conditions of market power applying are proved.
Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
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Keywords: Market Power, Power Market, Detection Methods, Identification Method.
