Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Capacity Requirements of Electric Vehicles Charging Infrastructure with the Evolution of their Market


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v7i4.2367

Abstract


This paper presents the development of fast charging infrastructure for Electric Vehicles (EVs) with the proportional increase in the number of EVs on highways. Development of charging infrastructure includes the installation of charging units in the urban or rural areas depending upon the need, forecast for the increased energy demand on power grid and consideration of capital invested on the system as a whole. Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) have been performed to investigate the power demand, energy needed, utilization factor of each station and socket, and the Socket-to-EV ratio considering different waiting time scenarios. Socket-to-EV ratio varies with the limitation of waiting times offered to the EVs at charging stations. Socket-to-EV ratio is considered to be the parameter that tells the number of sockets needed to fulfill the charging need of EVs in a particular scenario. Utilization factor of charging sockets for different scenarios gives an estimate of power delivery hours of charging sockets to study the cost-and-benefit ratio of various cases.
Copyright © 2014 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Battery Chargers; Charging Stations; Electric Vehicles (EVS); Fast Charging

Full Text:

PDF


References


M. Duvall, E. Knipping, M. Alexander, L. Tonachel, and C. Clak, "Environmental assessment of plug in hybrid electric vehicles Volume1: Nationwide greenhouse gas emissions," Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, Tech. Rep. 1015325, 2007.

C. H. Stephan and J. Sullivan, "Environmental and energy implications of plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles," Environ. Sci. Tech, vol. 42, no.4, pp. 1185–1190, Feb. 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es062314d

M. Kintner-Meyer, K. P. Schneider, and R. G. Pratt, "Impacts assessment of plug-in hybrid vehicles on electric utilities and regional US Power grids: Part1," Technical analysis Pacific North West National Laboratory, Richland, WA, Tech. Rep. PNNL-SA-61669, 2007.

P. Mohseni and R. G. Stevie, "Electric vehicles: Holy grail or fool's gold," in Proc. 2009 IEEE PES Gen. Meet., pp. 1–5.

S. Bae and A. Kwasinski, "Spatial and temporal model of electric vehicle charging demand," Smart Grid, IEEE Trans. on, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 394 –403, march 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2011.2159278

N. Tanakaetal et al., "Technology road map: Electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," International Energy Agency, Tech. Rep, 2011.

M. Alizadeh, A. Scaglione, and R. J. Thomas, "From packet to power switching: Digital direct load scheduling," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol.30, no. 6, pp. 1027–1036, 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2012.120702

E. Sortomme, M. Hindi, S. MacPherson, and S. Venkata, "Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to minimize distribution System losses," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 198–205, 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2010.2090913

N. Rotering and M. Ilic, "Optimal charge control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in deregulated electricity markets," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1021–1029, 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2086083

M. Galus and G. Andersson, "Demand management of grid connected plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (phev)," in Energy 2030 Conference, 2008. ENERGY 2008. IEEE, Nov. 2008, pp.1–8.

K. Metsetal et al., "Optimizing smart energy control strategies for plug in hybrid electric vehicle charging," in Proc. 12th IEEE/IFIP Netw. Oper. Manage. Symp. Workshops, Osaka, Japan, Apr. 2010, pp. 293–299.

W. Kempton and J. Tomic, "Vehicle-to-grid power implementation: From stabilizing the grid to supporting large-scale renewable energy," J. Power Sources, vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 280–294, Jun.2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.022

W. Kempton and J. Tomic, "Vehicle-to grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue," J. Power Sources, vol. 144, no.1, pp.268–279, Jun. 2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.025

C. Guille and G. Gross, "A conceptual framework for the vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) implementation," Energy Policy, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 4379–4390, Nov. 2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.05.053

V. V. Viswanathan, and M. Kintner-Meyer, "Second use of transportation batteries: Maximizing the value of batteries for transportation and grid services," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Tech., vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 2963-2970, Sep. 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2011.2160378

M. Etezadi-Amoli, K. Choma, and J. Stefani, "Rapid-charge electric vehicle stations," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1883–1887, Jul. 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2047874

Malik, F.H., Lehtonen, M., Saarijarvi, E., Safdarian, A., A feasibility study of fast charging infrastructure for EVs on highways, (2014) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 9 (2), pp. 341-350.

S. K. Bose, An Introduction to queuing systems, New York, Plenum Publishers, 2002, ch. 1-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0001-8

G. Donald, Fundamentals of Queuing Theory. Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, ch. 2.

Finnish Transport Agency, [Online]. Available: www.liikennevirasto.fi

Smart Company, [Online]. Available: www.smartusa.com.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize