A Review of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Linear and Non-Linear Vibrating Structures

Abstract

Vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction has emerged as a promising approach for extracting energy from ambient mechanical oscillations. Nonetheless, linear energy harvesters exhibit a confined bandwidth and cannot proficiently capture energy from wide-spectrum or irregular vibrations. To address this limitation, nonlinear energy harvesters have been proposed. This review paper provides an overview of the mechanical design and vibration management aspects of both linear and nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesters. It also discusses the advantages and shortcomings of both forms. A systematic methodology is applied in surveying the literature on piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting, selecting a set of relevant papers covering the period up until 2023. These papers are then classified dependent on the mechanical design and vibration management aspects of linear and nonlinear power harvesters. Key techniques are identified for harvesting energy from piezoelectric vibrations, including mechanical design methods such as springs, magnets, ropes, and other mechanisms, as well as vibration management techniques involving feedback control, tuned mass dampers, and other approaches. The paper concludes by offering a design viewpoint to enhance energy harvesting proficiency and presenting practical applications for both linear and nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting.
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