Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Autonomous Robot Prototype for Grass Mowing


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v17i6.23422

Abstract


The use of autonomous devices is becoming a common practice, mainly because it does not require human intervention and it can be applied in various fields such as agriculture, surveillance, security, exploration, personal assistance, among others. An autonomous mobile robot should be capable of determining the appropriate course of action based on the environmental information it can gather in its vicinity. This entails the ability to modify a pre-established trajectory when encountering an obstacle, while still accomplishing the assigned task through the utilization of multiple sensors and sophisticated algorithms. These sensors enable the robot to navigate, avoid obstacles, and carry out specific tasks. This document will present the implementation of an autonomous mobile robot designed for grass mowing, which utilizes various sensors including encoders, IMU, laser, and GPS for navigation from an initial point to a final destination, ensuring obstacle avoidance. The system uses a Raspberry PI 4 with ROS Melodic framework.
Copyright © 2023 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Extended Kalman Filter; Grass Mowing; GPS; Lidar; ROS; RPI; Sensor Fusion

Full Text:

PDF


References


Y. Bai, B. Zhang, N. Xu, J. Zhou, J. Shi, and Z. Diao, Vision-based navigation and guidance for agricultural autonomous vehicles and robots: A review, Comput Electron Agric, vol. 205, p. 107584, Feb. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.107584

A. Loganathan and N. S. Ahmad, A systematic review on recent advances in autonomous mobile robot navigation, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 40, pp. 101343-101343, Apr. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2023.101343

M. Mallik, A. K. Panja, and C. Chowdhury, Paving the way with machine learning for seamless indoor-outdoor positioning: A survey, Information Fusion, vol. 94, pp. 126-151, Jun. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.01.023

D. Vieira, R. Orjuela, M. Spisser, and M. Basset, Positioning and Attitude determination for Precision Agriculture Robots based on IMU and Two RTK GPSs Sensor Fusion, IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 55, n. 32, pp. 60-65, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.11.115

I. Nizar and M. Mestari, Mobile Robot Autonomous Navigation: A Path Planning Approach, IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 55, n. 12, pp. 610-615, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.379

A. J. Lee, W. Song, B. Yu, D. Choi, C. Tirtawardhana, and H. Myung, Survey of robotics technologies for civil infrastructure inspection, Journal of Infrastructure Intelligence and Resilience, vol. 2, n. 1, pp. 100018-100018, Mar. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iintel.2022.100018

A. S. A. Ghafar, S. S. H. Hajjaj, K. R. Gsangaya, M. T. H. Sultan, M. F. Mail, and L. S. Hua, Design and development of a robot for spraying fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture, Mater Today Proc, vol. 81, n. 1, pp. 242-248, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.174

H. Meddeb, Z. Abdellaoui, and F. Houaidi, Development of surveillance robot based on face recognition using Raspberry-PI and IOT, Microprocess Microsyst, vol. 96, n. 1, p. 104728, Feb. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2022.104728

H. Gharakhani, J. A. Thomasson, and Y. Lu, An end-effector for robotic cotton harvesting, Smart Agricultural Technology, vol. 2, n. 1, p. 100043, Dec. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2022.100043

G. Murugaraj, S. Selva Kumar, Anju. S. Pillai, and C. Bharatiraja, Implementation of in-row weeding robot with novel wheel, assembly and wheel angle adjustment for slurry paddy field, Mater Today Proc, vol. 65, pp. 215-220, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.118

M. Moniruzzaman, A. Rassau, D. Chai, and S. M. S. Islam, Teleoperation methods and enhancement techniques for mobile robots: A comprehensive survey, Rob Auton Syst, vol. 150, n. 1, pp. 103973-103973, Apr. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2021.103973

A. Apurin et al., LIRS-ArtBul: Design, Modelling and Construction of an Omnidirectional Chassis for a Modular Multipurpose Robotic Platform, LIRS-ArtBul: Design, Modelling and Construction of an Omnidirectional Chassis for a Modular Multipurpose Robotic Platform, vol. 13719, n. 1, pp. 70-80, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23609-9_7

K. Shojaei, A prescribed performance PID control of robotic cars with only posture measurements considering path curvature, Eur J Control, vol. 65, n. 1, pp. 100616-100616, May 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcon.2022.100616

A. T. R, S. Selva Kumar, and S. Panday, ROS based Obstacle Detection Robot using Ultrasonic Sensor and FMCW RADAR, in 2022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC), Coimbatore: IEEE, Aug. 2022, pp. 372-378.

F. Ardiani, M. Benoussaad, and A. Janot, Comparison of Least-Squares and Instrumental Variables for Parameters Estimation on Differential Drive Mobile Robots, IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 54, n. 7, pp. 310-315, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.377

N. H. Thai, T. T. K. Ly, H. Thien, and L. Q. Dzung, Trajectory Tracking Control for Differential-Drive Mobile Robot by a Variable Parameter PID Controller, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, vol. 11, n. 8, pp. 614-621, Aug. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.18178/ijmerr.11.8.614-621

M. Ferreira, L. Moreira, and A. Lopes, Differential drive kinematics and odometry for a mobile robot using TwinCAT, Electronic Research Archive, vol. 31, n. 4, pp. 1789-1803, Jan. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3934/era.2023092

X. Ru, N. Gu, H. Shang, and H. Zhang, MEMS Inertial Sensor Calibration Technology: Current Status and Future Trends, Micromachines (Basel), vol. 13, n. 6, pp. 879-891, May 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13060879

B. Yuan, Z. Tang, P. Zhang, and F. Lv, Thermal Calibration of Triaxial Accelerometer for Tilt Measurement, Sensors, vol. 23, n. 4, pp. 2105-2105, Feb. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042105

R. Munarto, R. Wiryadinata, and D. P. Utama, Implementation of AHRS (Attitude Heading and Reference Systems) With Madgwick Filter as Hexapods Robot Navigation, in 2022 International Conference on Informatics Electrical and Electronics (ICIEE), Indonesia: IEEE, Oct. 2022, pp. 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIEE55596.2022.10010044

S. Y. Song, Y. Pei, and E. T. Hsiao-Wecksler, Estimating Relative Angles Using Two Inertial Measurement Units Without Magnetometers, IEEE Sens J, vol. 22, n. 20, pp. 19688-19699, Oct. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2022.3203346

Md. M. Rahman, K. B. Gan, N. A. A. Aziz, A. Huong, and H. W. You, Upper Limb Joint Angle Estimation Using Wearable IMUs and Personalized Calibration Algorithm, Mathematics, vol. 11, n. 4, pp. 970-970, Feb. 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/math11040970

Habib, T., Replacement of In-Orbit Extended Kalman Filter for Spacecraft Orbit Estimation via Neural Networks, (2021) International Review of Automatic Control (IREACO), 14 (4), pp. 224-232.
https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v14i4.20948

Habib, T., Abouhogail, R., Efficient Simultaneous Spacecraft Attitude and Orbit Estimation via Neural Networks, (2021) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 14 (6), pp. 346-353.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v14i6.20312

A. Kaczmarek, W. Rohm, L. Klingbeil, and J. Tchórzewski, Experimental 2D extended Kalman filter sensor fusion for low-cost GNSS/IMU/Odometers precise positioning system, Measurement, vol. 193, n. 1, pp. 110963-110975, Apr. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.110963

Habib, T., Replacement of In-Orbit Modern Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Estimation Algorithms with Neural Networks, (2021) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 14 (3), pp. 166-172.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v14i3.19687

R. Pizá, R. Carbonell, V. Casanova, Á. Cuenca, and J. J. Salt Llobregat, Nonuniform Dual-Rate Extended Kalman-Filter-Based Sensor Fusion for Path-Following Control of a Holonomic Mobile Robot with Four Mecanum Wheels, Applied Sciences, vol. 12, n. 7, pp. 3560-3583, Mar. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073560

R. Purnomo, T. D. Putra, H. Kusmara, W. Priatna, and F. Mukharom, Haversine Formula to Find The Nearest PetShop, JATISI (Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi), vol. 9, n. 3, pp. 2205-2221, Oct. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.35957/jatisi.v9i3.2434

G. M. Sanchez, M. H. Murillo, J. E. Benavidez, N. N. Deniz, and L. L. Giovanini, Hibachi: A ROS compatible skid-steer vehicle, in 2021 XIX Workshop on Information Processing and Control (RPIC), IEEE, Ed., SAN JUAN: IEEE, Nov. 2021, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/RPIC53795.2021.9648498

K. Zheng, ROS Navigation Tuning Guide, in Robot Operating System (ROS), Springer, Ed., 1st ed.Koubaa: Springer, 2021, pp. 197-226.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75472-3_6

Y. Yan, B. Zhang, J. Zhou, Y. Zhang, and X. Liu, Real-Time Localization and Mapping Utilizing Multi-Sensor Fusion and Visual-IMU-Wheel Odometry for Agricultural Robots in Unstructured, Dynamic and GPS-Denied Greenhouse Environments, Agronomy, vol. 12, n. 8, p. 1740, Jul. 2022
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081740

S. Macenski, T. Foote, B. Gerkey, C. Lalancette, and W. Woodall, Robot Operating System 2: Design, architecture, and uses in the wild, Sci Robot, vol. 7, n. 66, May 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abm6074

Noori, O., Mustafa, M., Compressed Extended Kalman Filter for Sensorless Control of Asynchronous Motor, (2020) International Journal on Energy Conversion (IRECON), 8 (6), pp. 200-211.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irecon.v8i6.19202

Oultiligh, A., Ayad, H., El Kari, A., Mjahed, M., El Gmili, N., A Hybrid PSO-GWO Algorithm for Robot Path Planning in Uncertain Environments, (2021) International Review of Automatic Control (IREACO), 14 (6), pp. 360-372.
https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v14i6.20045


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize