Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Manufacturing and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Overmolded Hybrid Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene – Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v17i5.22829

Abstract


Injection over-molding provides a convenient method for manufacturing composites through fiber and matrix hybridization. Hybrid fiber/matrix composite products can be used for bumper beam applications that require high impact and bending properties. This investigation has combined unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polypropylene and glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 to create over-molding specimens. The injection pressure and the melting temperature of the plastic have been varied to determine their effect on the bending and affect the properties of the over-molding specimen. On the first polypropylene molding, the injection pressure has been varied in three levels of 80, 100, and 120 bar, respectively, while the melting temperature has been 190, 210, and 230, respectively. On the second molding of PA 6/GF, the melting temperature has been 220, 240, and 260 °C, respectively. The findings have demonstrated that high injection pressure and melting temperature combination have generated high bending strength, bending modulus, and energy absorption.
Copyright © 2023 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Overmolding Parameters; Hybrid Composite; Impact Properties; Bending Properties

Full Text:

PDF


References


R. Vishwanatha, P. Raju, and V. Kumar, Design and Strength Validation of Front Car Bumper Using Composite Material, Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 3427-3434, 2018.

B. Du, Q. Li, C. Zheng, S. Wang, C. Gao, and L. Chen, Application of Lightweight Structure in Automobile Bumper Beam: A Review, Materials (Basel)., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1-25, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16030967

K. Rambhad, V. Sutar, P. Sonwane, and S. Suryawanshi, A Review on Automotive Bumper Beam Design and Analysis, J. Automot. Eng. &Technology, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 21-35, 2020.

M. Patel, B. Pardhi, S. Chopara, and M. Pal, Lightweight Composite Materials for Automotive -A Review Lightweight Composite Materials for Automotive - A Review, Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., no. November 2018, pp. 41-47, 2020.

S. Charvani, C. G. Reddy, and G. Narendar, Investigation on Impact and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Aramid and Carbon based Nanocomposites, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 1126, no. 1, p. 012042.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1126/1/012042

S. Bennbaia, E. Mahdi, G. Abdella, and A. Dean, Composite Plastic Hybrid for Automotive Front Bumper Beam, J. Compos. Sci., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1-16, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040162

H. Ahmad, A. A. Markina, M. V. Porotnikov, and F. Ahmad, A review of carbon fiber materials in automotive industry, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, vol. 971, no. 3, pp. 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/971/3/032011

D. Hyoung Kim, H. Gyung Kim, and H. Sung Kim, Design optimization and manufacture of hybrid glass / carbon fiber reinforced composite bumper beam for automobile vehicle, Compos. Struct., vol. 131, pp. 742-752, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.06.028

D. G. Heflin, Hybrid Composite Materials And Manufacturing, Ph.D. dissertation, Purdue University, 2022.

The Polyolefine Company, Cosmoplene AW564.

Toray Group, AMILAN® CM1011G-30. [Online]. Available:
http://product.toray.com/download/pdf/en_plastics/classification_67015.pdf

Torayca, High-strength and High-modulus Carbon Fiber, Alabama, 2021.

M. Denison Brown, Moisture Absorption and Desorption Effects on Mechanical Behavior in Specialty Polyamide Products Behavior in Specialty Polyamide Products, Lehigh University, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://preserve.lehigh.edu/etd/5637

T. Lechner, K. Noack, M. Thöne, P. Amend, M. Schmidt, and S. Will, Investigating the moisture content of polyamide 6 by Raman-microscopy and multivariate data analysis, Phys. Procedia, vol. 83, pp. 1271-1278, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.134

M. Auclerc et al., Polyamide-6 structuration induced by a chemical reaction with a polyether triamine in the molten state, Polymer (Guildf)., vol. 172, pp. 339-354, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.033

V. Goodship, Practical Guide to Injection Moulding. Shropshire: Rapra Technology, 2004.

Y. Shao, F. Xu, and W. Liu, Influence of cryogenic treatment on mechanical and interfacial properties of carbon nanotube fiber /bisphenol-F epoxy composite, Compos. Part B, vol. 125, no. 15, pp. 195-202, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.077

H. S. B. Rochardjo and C. Budiyantoro, Manufacturing and analysis of overmolded hybrid fiber polyamide 6 composite, Polymers (Basel)., vol. 13, no. 21, pp. 1-16, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213820

C. Budiyantoro, H. S. B. Rochardjo, and G. Nugroho, Overmolding of hybrid long and short carbon fiber polypropylene composite: Optimizing processing parameters, J. Manuf. Mater. process., vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1-23, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5040132

D. Zhu, S. Liu, Y. Yao, G. Li, Y. Du, and C. Shi, Effects of short fiber and pre-tension on the tensile behavior of basalt textile reinforced concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 96, pp. 33-45, Feb. 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.11.015

N. H. Mostafa, Z. N. Ismarrubie, S. M. Sapuan, and M. T. H. Sultan, Fibre prestressed polymer-matrix composites: A review, Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 51, no. 1. SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 39-66, Jan. 01, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998316637906

N. Aliyeva, H. S. Sas, and B. Saner Okan, Recent developments on the overmolding process for the fabrication of thermoset and thermoplastic composites by the integration of nano/micron-scale reinforcements, Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 149, no. March, pp. 1-14, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106525

N. Roslan, S. Zamree Abd Rahim, N. Hidayah Mohamad, Huzaim, and N. Aisyah Miza Ahmad Tamizi, Optimization of Shrinkage and Strength of the Molded Part Produced using LDPE (Virgin and Recycled) material: A Review, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 551, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/551/1/012026

A. Dupuis, J. J. Pesce, P. Ferreira, and G. Régnier, Fiber orientation and concentration in an injection-molded ethylene-propylene copolymer reinforced by hemp, Polymers (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1-20, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122771

M. Meng, H. R. Le, M. J. Rizvi, and S. M. Grove, The effects of unequal compressive/tensile moduli of composites, Compos. Struct., vol. 126, pp. 207-215, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.064

W. Wu, Q. Wang, and W. Li, Comparison of tensile and compressive properties of carbon/glass interlayer and intralayer hybrid composites, Materials (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 1-13, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071105

N. Karthi, K. Kumaresan, S. Sathish, S. Gokulkumar, L. Prabhu, and N. Vigneshkumar, An overview: Natural fiber reinforced hybrid composites, chemical treatments and application areas, in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019, vol. 27, pp. 2828-2834.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.011

A. Saidah, S. E. Susilowati, and Y. Nofendri, Effect of fiber loading and alkali treatment on rice straw fiber reinforced composite for automotive bumper beam application, Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1865-1870, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.9.6.7006

O. Osokoya, An evaluation of polymer composites for car bumper beam, Int. J. Automot. Compos., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 44-60, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAUTOC.2017.086521

ASTM, ASTM D790 - Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials.

S. Shi, C. Yang, and M. Nie, Enhanced Interfacial Strength of Natural Fiber/Polypropylene Composite with Mechanical-Interlocking Interface, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 10413-10420, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02448

Y. Hu, C. Liu, J. Zhang, G. Ding, and Q. Wu, Research on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bumper beam subjected to low-velocity frontal impact, Adv. Mech. Eng., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1-15, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814015589458

Abduljabbar, M., Abdulsahib, W., Almuhsin, B., Numerical Study of Concrete Beams With and Without Stirrups Under Impact Loading, (2023) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 14 (2), pp. 73-81.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v14i2.22223

Shbeeb, N., Barham, W., Barsneh, H., Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Columns Confined by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets, (2022) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 13 (4), pp. 275-289.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v13i4.19631

Musmar, M., Alayed, M., Effect of the Size of Multiple Perforations on the Performance of Long Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls, (2022) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 13 (6), pp. 494-501.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v13i6.21260


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize