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Experimental Study and Mathematical Modelling of Loquat Drying: Effect of the Drying Method on Quality


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v14i3.18276

Abstract


This work aims to improve quality of Algerian loquat cultivar using two drying techniques: solar and vacuum drying. Solar drying has been done in two ways: in free natural air (open sun) and in a local designed indirect solar dryer. The vacuum drying has been carried out using a laboratory vacuum oven. The effect of sun drying conditions, air velocity (free air, free and forced convections) and vacuum drying for the temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C and vacuum pump pressure of 20, 40 and 60 cm Hg has been studied. Drying kinetics as well as the rehydration capacity, colour and the content of vitamin A of the dried product have been examined. The experimental drying kinetic data obtained for the Algerian variety of loquat called Taza show that solar forced drying is four times faster than natural convection one. However, vacuum drying is very fast compared to other methods. The rehydration capacity has followed the same order but the vacuum has improved results for low temperatures or high temperatures. Analysis and modelling on the A vitamin have showed that forced convection of indirect solar drying and vacuum at 50 °C and 20 cm Hg are the best drying methods. The original colour is preserved in case of indirect solar and vacuum drying, but not for the open sun drying.
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Keywords


Solar Drying; Natural Convection; Forced Convection; Vacuum; Rehydration; Vitamin A

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