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Alteration of Lower Extremity During Running on Different Surface Hardness: a Systematic Review


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v10i6.8917

Abstract


Running on various surface characteristics leads to different body response, posture, and position. Runners altered their running pattern according to surface properties such as irregularity, slope, level and hardness. Hence, the purpose of this review is to outline and to summarize the research outcomes related to the alteration of the lower extremity while running on different surface hardness. The search strategy was completed on a Science Direct and Scopus database, as well as by manual searching with the help of a reference list of the reviewed articles. The quality of reviewed articles was identified via methodological quality assessment. Thirteen full-text articles were entailed in the quality assessment. Most of the reviewed papers was classified as high quality papers by providing sufficient information on the research objective, study design, subject criteria, equipment set up and main outcomes. The majority of the reviewed articles found that a runner should perform a kinematic adaptation or compensation in order to maintain the pressure or the impact force. However, this alteration may expose to injury, which was not comprehensively analysed. The application of multi-segment dynamic modelling is recommended in a future experiment in order to identify the injury risk due to the variation of running surface hardness in detail.
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Keywords


Running; Surface; Lower Extremity; Kinetic; Kinematics

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