Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Alteration of Lower Extremity During Running on Different Surface Hardness: a Systematic Review


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v10i6.8917

Abstract


Running on various surface characteristics leads to different body response, posture, and position. Runners altered their running pattern according to surface properties such as irregularity, slope, level and hardness. Hence, the purpose of this review is to outline and to summarize the research outcomes related to the alteration of the lower extremity while running on different surface hardness. The search strategy was completed on a Science Direct and Scopus database, as well as by manual searching with the help of a reference list of the reviewed articles. The quality of reviewed articles was identified via methodological quality assessment. Thirteen full-text articles were entailed in the quality assessment. Most of the reviewed papers was classified as high quality papers by providing sufficient information on the research objective, study design, subject criteria, equipment set up and main outcomes. The majority of the reviewed articles found that a runner should perform a kinematic adaptation or compensation in order to maintain the pressure or the impact force. However, this alteration may expose to injury, which was not comprehensively analysed. The application of multi-segment dynamic modelling is recommended in a future experiment in order to identify the injury risk due to the variation of running surface hardness in detail.
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Running; Surface; Lower Extremity; Kinetic; Kinematics

Full Text:

PDF


References


W. Fu, Y. Fang, D. Ming, S. Liu, L. Wang, S. Ren, and Y. Liu, “Surface effects on in-shoe plantar pressure and tibial impact during running,” J. Sport Heal. Sci., no. September, 2015.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.09.001

A. Williams P.T, “Greater Weight Loss from Running than Walking during 6.2-yr Prospective Follow-up,” Changes, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 997–1003, 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31827b0d0a

E. S. Chumanov, C. Wall-Scheffler, and B. C. Heiderscheit, “Gender differences in walking and running on level and inclined surfaces.,” Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon), vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1260–8, Dec. 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.07.011

M. a. Thompson, S. S. Lee, J. Seegmiller, and C. P. McGowan, “Kinematic and Kinetic Comparison of Barefoot and Shod Running in Mid/Forefoot and Rear foot Strike Runners,” Gait Posture, pp. 2–4, 2015.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.002

V. Tessutti, F. Trombini-Souza, A. P. Ribeiro, A. L. Nunes, and I. de C. N. Sacco, “In-shoe plantar pressure distribution during running on natural grass and asphalt in recreational runners.,” J. Sci. Med. Sport, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 151–5, Jan. 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.07.008

R. Müller and R. Blickhan, “Running on uneven ground: leg adjustments to altered ground level.,” Hum. Mov. Sci., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 578–89, Aug. 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.04.007

M. Damavandi, P. C. Dixon, and D. J. Pearsall, “Ground reaction force adaptations during cross-slope walking and running.,” Hum. Mov. Sci., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 182–9, Feb. 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2011.06.004

J. W. Wannop, E. S. Graf, and D. J. Stefanyshyn, “The effect of lateral banking on the kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremity during lateral cutting movements.,” Hum. Mov. Sci., vol. 33, pp. 97–107, Feb. 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2013.07.020

Reidlen Earl, “How running on different surfaces affect your body,” 2013. [Online]. Available: http://www.runaddicts.net/health-nutrition/how-running-on-different-surfaces-affects-your-body.

R. Müller, S. Grimmer, and R. Blickhan, “Running on uneven ground: leg adjustments by muscle pre-activation control.,” Hum. Mov. Sci., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 299–310, Apr. 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2010.01.003

D. H. Gates, J. M. Wilken, S. J. Scott, E. H. Sinitski, and J. B. Dingwell, “Kinematic strategies for walking across a destabilizing rock surface.,” Gait Posture, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 36–42, Jan. 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.08.001

S. J. Dixon, a C. Collop, and M. E. Batt, “Surface effects on ground reaction forces and lower extremity kinematics in running.,” Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1919–1926, 2000.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200011000-00016

C. T. Farley and O. González, “Leg stiffness and stride frequency in human running,” J. Biomech., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 181–186, 1996.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00029-1

D. P. Ferris, K. Liang, and C. T. Farley, “Runners adjust leg stiffness for their first step on a new running surface,” J. Biomech., vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 787–794, 1999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(99)00078-0

L. S. Hopper, J. A. Alderson, B. C. Elliott, T. R. Ackland, and P. R. Fleming, “Dancer perceptions of quantified dance surface mechanical properties,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part P J. Sport. Eng. Technol., vol. 225, no. 2, pp. 65–73, 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337111399833

B. M. Nigg and B. Segesser, “The Influence of Playing Surfaces on the Load on the Locomotor System and on Football and Tennis Injuries,” Sport. Med. An Int. J. Appl. Med. Sci. Sport Exerc., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 375–385, 1988.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198805060-00003

A. Peters, B. Galna, M. Sangeux, M. Morris, and R. Baker, “Quantification of soft tissue artifact in lower limb human motion analysis: a systematic review.,” Gait Posture, vol. 31, pp. 1–8, 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.09.004

P. X. Ku, N. A. Abu Osman, and W. A. B. Wan Abas, “Balance control in lower extremity amputees during quiet standing: a systematic review.,” Gait Posture, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 672–82, Feb. 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.07.006

W.-J. Fu, Y. Liu, and G.-Y. Zhao, “Surface Effects on Plantar Pressure Characteristics in Jogging,” 2011 Int. Conf. Futur. Comput. Sci. Educ., pp. 93–96, 2011.

M. D. Tillman, P. Fiolkowski, J. a. Bauer, and K. D. Reisinger, “In-shoe plantar measurements during running on different surfaces: changes in temporal and kinetic parameters,” Sport. Eng., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 121–128, 2002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2687.2002.00101.x

A. E. Kerdok, A. a Biewener, T. a McMahon, P. G. Weyand, and H. M. Herr, “Energetics and mechanics of human running on surfaces of different stiffnesses.,” J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 469–78, Feb. 2002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01164.2000

Ferris, D. P., Louie, M., & Farley, C. T. (1998). Running in the real world: adjusting leg stiffness for different surfaces. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 265(1400), 989–994.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0388

Y. Hong, L. Wang, J. X. Li, and J. H. Zhou, “Comparison of plantar loads during treadmill and overground running.,” J. Sci. Med. Sport, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 554–60, Nov. 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.01.004

V. Tessutti, A. P. Ribeiro, F. Trombini-Souza, and I. C. N. Sacco, “Attenuation of foot pressure during running on four different surfaces: asphalt, concrete, rubber, and natural grass,” J. Sports Sci., vol. 30, no. 14, pp. 1545–1550, 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.713975

E. C. Hardin, A. J. van den Bogert, and J. Hamill, “Kinematic adaptations during running: effects of footwear, surface, and duration.,” Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 838–844, 2004.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000126605.65966.40

H. C. Pinnington and B. Dawson, “The energy cost of running on grass compared to soft dry beach sand,” J. Sci. Med. Sport, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 416–430, Dec. 2001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1440-2440(01)80051-7

N. Stergiou and B. T. Bates, “The relationship between subtalar and knee joint function as a possible mechanism for running injuries,” Gait Posture, vol. 6, no. June 1995, pp. 177–185, 1997.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(97)01119-3

P. E. Leimkuehler, “Prosthetic Foot/Ankle Mechanisms,” no. March, pp. 1–7, 2010.

M. Fransen, J. Crosbie, and J. Edmonds, “Reliability of gait measurements in people with osteoarthritis of the knee.,” Phys. Ther., vol. 77, no. 9, pp. 944–953, 1997.

M. Paquette, S. Zhang, and L. Baumgartner, “Acute effects of barefoot, minimal shoes and running shoes on lower limb mechanics in rear and forefoot strike runners,” Footwear Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 9–18, 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2012.692724

J. E. Taunton, M. B. Ryan, D. B. Clement, D. C. McKenzie, D. R. Lloyd-Smith, and B. D. Zumbo, “A prospective study of running injuries: the Vancouver Sun Run ‘ In Training ’ clinics,” Br J Sport. Med, vol. 37, pp. 239–244, 2003.

Benno M. Nigg; M.R. Yeadon, “Biomechanical aspects of playing surfaces.” Journal of Sport Sciences, pp. 117–145, 1987.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640418708729771

T. R. Jenkyn, K. Anas, and A. Nichol, “Foot segment kinematics during normal walking using a multisegment model of the foot and ankle complex.,” J. Biomech. Eng., vol. 131, p. 034504, 2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2907750

K. R. Buchanan and I. Davis, “The relationship between forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot static alignment in pain-free individuals.,” J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther., vol. 35, pp. 559–566, 2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2005.35.9.559

M. C. Carson, M. E. Harrington, N. Thompson, J. J. O’Connor, and T. N. Theologis, “Kinematic analysis of a multi-segment foot model for research and clinical applications: a repeatability analysis,” J. Biomech., vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1299–1307, Oct. 2001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00101-4

J. Sinclair, A. Greenhalgh, P. J. Taylor, C. J. Edmundson, D. Brooks, and S. J. Hobbs, “Differences in Tibiocalcaneal Kinematics Measured with Skin- and Shoe-Mounted Markers,” Hum. Mov., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 64–69, 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/humo-2013-0005

M. B. Pohl and J. G. Buckley, “Changes in foot and shank coupling due to alterations in foot strike pattern during running.,” Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon), vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 334–41, Mar. 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.09.016

M. Eslami, M. Begon, N. Farahpour, and P. Allard, “Forefoot-rearfoot coupling patterns and tibial internal rotation during stance phase of barefoot versus shod running.,” Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon), vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 74–80, Jan. 2007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.08.002

A. Stacoff, B. M. Nigg, C. Reinschmidt, A. J. van den Bogert, and A. Lundberg, “Tibiocalcaneal kinematics of barefoot versus shod running,” J. Biomech., vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1387–1395, Nov. 2000.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00116-0

A. Leardini, M. G. Benedetti, L. Berti, D. Bettinelli, R. Nativo, and S. Giannini, “Rear-foot, mid-foot and fore-foot motion during the stance phase of gait.,” Gait Posture, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 453–62, Mar. 2007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.05.017


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize