Application of an Ecofriendly Heterogeneous Catalyst (CaO) for Synthesis of Biodiesel and its Characterization on VCR Engine

Chavan Supriya Baburao; R. Rohith Renish; Shinde Chandrakant Anna; Kumbhar Rajendra Rayappa

doi:10.15866/ireme.v9i3.6110

Application of an Ecofriendly Heterogeneous Catalyst (CaO) for Synthesis of Biodiesel and its Characterization on VCR Engine

Chavan Supriya Baburao^(1*), R. Rohith Renish⁽²⁾, Shinde Chandrakant Anna⁽³⁾, Kumbhar Rajendra Rayappa⁽⁴⁾

^(*) Corresponding author

Authors' affiliations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v9i3.6110

Abstract

Waste crab shells after calcination have been used as a nonconventional heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from pongamia oil. Crab shell was calcined in muffle furnace at 1100 °C for 2hrs. The calcined catalyst was characterized on X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A high biodiesel yield and conversion was obtained at 10:1 (alcohol/oil) molar ratio, 3.00wt% crab shell calcined catalyst, and 2.00hr reaction time at 65oC with 600rpm stirring speed. Conversion of pongamia oil feedstock to its respective fatty acid methyl esters was identified on a thin layer chromatography (TLC). The quality parameters, such as density, viscosity, calorific value, oxidation number, flash point, fire point cetane number, elements like C,H,O etc were analyzed as per ASTM -6751 standard. Further the same biodiesel was preceded for emission analysis on single cylinder variable compression dieselengine with various blending ratios as well load. Blends of KB00% (diesel), KB10%, KB20%, KB30%, and KB100% were prepared at 400C. The parameters like Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydro carbon (HC) etc were studied and compared with fissile fuel. Result showed that heterogeneous calcined methyl ester of pongamia B20% blend shows lower emissions as compared with running diesel fuel.
Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords

Biodiesel; Pongamia; Calcinations. Emissions; Non-Edible Oil; VCR Engine

Full Text:

PDF

References

J.P. Zaltica, Fuel, 87, 3522,2008.

P. Felizardo, M.J. Neiva Correia, I. Raposo, J.F. Mendes, R. Berkemeier and J.M. Bordado, Waste Manage, 87, 26, 2004.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.02.025

S.N. Bobade, V.B. Khyade, Preparation of Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata)Oil, Res. J. Chem. Sci.,2(8), 43-50, 2012.

S.N. Bobade, R.R. Kumbhar and V.B. Khyade, Preparation of Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) from JatrophaCurcus Linn Oil, Res. J. A.F.Sci.,1(2), 12-19, 2013.

S.B. Chavan, R.R. Kumbhar, R.B. Deshmukh, Callophyllum Inophyllum Linn (“honne”)Oil, A Source For Biodiesel Production, Res. J.Chem.Sci., 3(11), 242-31, 2013.

S.B. Chavan, R.R. Kumbhar., Y.C. Sharma, Transesterification of Citrullus Colocynthis (Thumba) oil: Optimization for Biodiesel Production., Adv. In Applied sci. Res.. 5(3), 10--20, 2014.

A. Brito, M.E. Borges, Otero N.Zeolite. as a heterogeneous catalysis in biodiesel fuel production from used vegetable oil. Energy Fuel , 21, 328-3283, 2007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef700455r

Suppes , G.J.Dasari , M.A.Dosakocil, E.J.Mankidy, P.J Goff, Transesterification of soyabean oil with zeolite and metal catalyst,Appl.Catal.,257,213-223,2004.

M.J. Ramos, Cases,A.; Rodriguze,L.; Romero,R.; Perez,A., Transesterification of sunflower oil over zeolites using different metal loading: A case of leaching and agglomeration studies. Appl.Catal., 346, 79-85, 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2008.05.008

Xuejun Liu , Huayang He, Yujun Wang, Shenlin Zhu, Xianglan piao, Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst, Fuel 87, 216-221, 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.013

Daming Huang, Haining Zhou, Lin Lin, Boidiesel:an Alternative to Conventional Fuel, Energy Pro., 16, 1874-1885, 2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.287

KalligerosZannikos,F.;Stournas,S.;Lois,E.;Anastopoulos,G.;Teas,C.;Sakellaropoulos,F.Aninvestigation of using biodiesel/marine disel blends on the performance of a stationary diesel engine Biomass Bioenergy ,24,141-149, 2003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0961-9534(02)00092-2

Chojnacka,K.Biosorption of Cr(lll)ions by eggshells.J.Hazard Mater,121,167-173,2005.

Schaafsma, Pakan.I.Hofstede, F.A. Muskiet,, Veer, E.V.D, Vries, P.J.D.Mineral, Amino acid, and hormonal composition of chicken eggshell powder and the evaluation of its use in human nutrition,Poult. Sci.,79,1833-1838,2000.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.12.1833

A. Buasri, N.Chaiyut, V. Lorryuenyong, C. W., S. Khamsrisuk, Application of eggshell wastes as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, Sus. Energy,l.1,(2), 7-13, 2013.

Ziku Wei, Chuli Xu, Baoxin Li,Application of waste eggshell as low-cost solid catalyst for biodiesel production, Bioresource Tech.,100, 2883-2885,2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.039

Y.C. Sharma, S. Bhaskar , J. Korstad, Application of an efficient nonconventional heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from pongamia pinnata oil, Energy and fuels, 24, 3223-3231, 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef901514a

A.M. Liaquat, Application of blend fuels in a diesel engine,2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering (ICAEE 2011), Energy Procedia 14,2011.

J. Singh, Extraction and Optimization of Biodiesel Produced from Waste Cooking Oil and Comparing the Performance and Emission Characteristics with Diesel at Different Compression Ratios, IJERT, 3(8), 2014.

S.V. Baste, A.V. Bhosaleand S.B. Chavan, Emission Characteristics of Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) Biodiesel and Its Blending up to 100% in a C.I. Engine, RJAFS, l.1(7), 1-5, 2013.

M.V. Nagarhalli, V.M. Nandekar, Performance of Diesel Engine using Blends of Esters of Jatropha and Karanja –A Novel Apporch, Inter. J. of Adv. Engg. Tech.,0976-3945.

Wan Norita Wan, Ab Rashid, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Katsuki Kuaskabe, Noridah B Osman, Bawadi Abdullah, Synthesis of Biodiesel from Palm Oil in Capillary Millichannel Reactor: Effect of Temperature, Methanol to Oil Molar Ratio, and KOH Concentration on FAME Yield, Procedia Chemistry, 9,65 – 71,2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.05.020

Engin,B.;Demirtas, H.;Exten, M.Temperature effects on egg shell investigated by XRD,IR and ESR techniques. Radiat. Phys. Chem.,75, 268-277,2006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.09.013

S.Niju, K.M. Meera S. Begum, N. Anantharaman, Modification Of Egg Shell and its application in Bio-diesel Production, J. of Saudi Chemical Society, 18, 702-706,2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2014.02.010

Granados,M.D.Z.;Alonso,D.M.;Mariscal, R.;Galisteo,F.C.Tost, R.M. Santamaria, J.;Fierro, J.L.G. Biodiesel from sunflower oil by using activated calcium oxide. Appl. Catal.,B,73,317-2806.,2007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.12.017

Wei,Z.; Xu,C; Li,B. Application of the waste eggshell as low-cost solid catalyst for biodiesel production,Bioresource. Technol.,100, 2883-2885,2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.039

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International. An American National Standard. http://www.astm.org (accessed on May 14, 2008.

G.K. Swapna , M.C. Math, Experimental Studies on Performance and Exhaust Emission of a Injection (DI) Diesel Engine by using Mixtures of Jatropha and Pongamia Pinnata Methyl Ester and Its Diesel Blends, IJETR,2,6, 2321-0869, 2014.

Alvarez-Barrera, D., Segovia-Hernández, G., Castro-Montoya, A., Maya-Yescas, R., Chávez-Parga, M., Vegetable Oils for Biodiesel Production as Friendly Energetic Alternative: the Case of Mexico, (2014) International Review of Chemical Engineering (IRECHE), 6 (1), pp. 59-67.

Cisneiros Vieira, P., dos Santos, V., Comparative Analysis of Investments for Biodiesel Production with Help of Excel Spreadsheet, (2014) International Review of Chemical Engineering (IRECHE), 6 (1), pp. 31-37.

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

Username
Password
Remember me