Energetic and Economic Feasibility Associated with the Production, Processing and Conversion of Jatropha Oil to a Substitute Diesel Fuel in India


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Abstract


This study investigates the resource availability, energetic efficiency, and economic feasibility of converting jatropha oil into biodiesel, a substitute diesel fuel. A resource assessment of jatropha oil generation in India was performed for the period of 2007 onwards. Since India is net importer of vegetable oils, therefore edible oils cannot be used for the production of biodiesel. India has the potential to be a leading world producer of biodiesel, as biodiesel can be “harvested,” and sourced from non-edible oils like Jatropha Curcas, Pongamia Pinnata and Madhuca Indica plants also. Out of these plants, India is focusing on a wild plant, Jatropha Curcas, which can grow in arid, semiarid and wasteland. Jatropha oil production and processing system, which involves its energy and economic analysis is being studied in this paper. Although jatropha plant can be made available in significant quantities at relatively low cost, energetic (energy ratio) and economic feasibilities were estimated for three different system boundaries: (1) conversion of jatropha oil by a continuous-flow transesterification process only with co-product (glycerin) (2) energy required to process jatropha seed to jatropha oil at the Crushing plant and then followed by transesterification. (3) Growth and maintenance of the jatropha plant followed by crushing of seeds and then transesterification. Variation in Energy ratios within the three system boundaries based on data available in literatures was calculated. The biodiesel programme in an edible oil importing country (such as India) has to depend upon the availability of non-edible oils. Availability of land for this purpose was carefully assessed. In India if 40% of cultivable wastelands are planned with jatropha, in a period of 20 years it will be possible to substitute over 16 % of petroleum diesel in 2027.I t was also estimated that production of jatropha oil would be much more than that required for 10% blend with diesel (for use without any engine modification.)


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Keywords


Biodiesel; Energy Ratio; Glycerin; Jatropha; Transesterification

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