Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Micropower Clock Generator Circuit Using an Optimized Band-Gap Reference for Energy Harvesting Charge Pumps


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v10i2.5132

Abstract


In recent years, a lot of research and effort have been developed in micro-scale energy harvesting (EHV) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) because of their viable and promising approach for self powering low voltage circuit. The key element in such an application is the charge pump circuit as a power converter. A charge pump (CP) driven by tow pumping clocks, is introduced to generate voltages beyond the supply voltage range. In this paper, a clock circuit for a charge pump was proposed. This circuit was achieved using tow components: a Voltage Control Ring Oscillator (VCOR) as a clock generator and a Band-Gap Reference (BGR) as a voltage reference. The circuit was implemented using 0.35 µm CMOS process, and was generated the desired pumping clocks signals at tens of Mhz under just 9.6 µW for a power supply of only 1V.
Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Micro-scale Energy Harvesting (EHV); Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN); Charge Pump (CP); Pumping Clock; Voltage Control Ring Oscillator (VCOR); Band-Gap Reference (BGR)

Full Text:

PDF


References


Baginsky, I.L., Kostsov, E.G., Modelling and simulation of MEMS electret vibration-driven energy harvesters, (2013) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 6 (1), pp. 203-213.

Wang, X., Xiao, H., Dimensionless analysis and optimization of piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, (2013) International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME), 7 (4), pp. 607-624.

Christian Viehweger, and all «Energy harvesting for wireless sensor nodes in factory environments». In Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD), IEEE, 2014.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssd.2014.6808913

Feng Pan and Tapan Samaddar. « Charge pump circuit design». McGraw Hill Professional, 2006.

Chao Lu and al, «Efficient Power Conversion for Ultra Low Voltage Micro Scale Energy Transducers», School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 2010

Frederic Alicalapa and all «PSO-based charge pump chip area minimization» SMACD September 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smacd.2012.6339435

Rahma Aloulou and all « An Improved MOS Charge Pump circuit for Low Voltage Operations and wireless sensor applications» ICM, December 2011
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icm.2011.6177360

Rahma Aloulou and all « Improved Circuit Model Of Photovoltaic Cell For Energy Harvesting Application» Melecon, April 2014
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2014.6820594

RJM Vullers, and all. «Micropower energy harvesting. Solid-State Electronics, 53(7) :684_693, 2009»
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2008.12.011

Sehwan Kim and all «Design and Performance Analysis of Supercapacitor Charging Circuits for Wireless Sensor Nodes», IEEE journal on emerging and selected topics in circuits and systems, vol. 1, issue 2, September 2011
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jetcas.2011.2167274

Y. Sun, X. Wu, “Subthreshold voltage startup module for setup dc-dc converter”, Electronics Letters 46 (5) (2010) 373–374.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.3448

P. M. Farahabadi, and all «A New Solution to Analysis of CMOS Ring Oscillators», Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 1, March 2009

MK Mandal and all « Ring oscillator: characteristics and applications » Indian Journal Of Pure & Applied Physics (Ijpap), February 2010 pp 136-145

N. Retdian and all « Voltage controlled ring oscillator with wide tuning range and fast voltage swing » IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on, 2002, pp. 201 – 204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apasic.2002.1031567

Vladimir Čeperić and all « Voltage Controlled Differential Ring Oscillator Based on the SCFL Delay Cell» International Convention MIPRO 2003

R. chebli and all «A Wide Tuning Range Voltage-Controlled Ring Oscillator dedicated to Ultrasound Transmitter», ICM 2004
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icm.2004.1434276

Prakash Kumar and all « Design of CMOS Ring Oscillator Using CMODE » Energy, Automation, and Signal (ICEAS), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceas.2011.6147142

S. Joeres and all «Design of a Ring-Oscillator with a Wide Tuning Range in 0.13 µm CMOS for the use in Global Navigation Satellite Systems» Proc. 15th ProRISC Workshop. 2004. p. 529-535.

K. Lasanen and all « Design of a 1-v low power cmos bandgap reference based on resistive subdivision » In Circuits and Systems, 2002. MWSCAS-2002. The 2002 45th Midwest Symposium on, volume 3, pages III_564. IEEE, 2002.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2002.1187099

Luis HC Ferreira, Tales C Pimenta, and Robson L Moreno. «A cmos threshold voltage reference source for very-low-voltage applications». Microelectronics Journal, 39(12) :1867_1873, 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2008.02.001

Jamel Nebhen, and all «Temperature compensated CMOS ring VCO for MEMS gas sensor », 2013 Analog Integr Circ Sig Process (2013) 76:225–232
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-013-0095-x

Jang, S.-L., Hu, C.-T., & Chuang, «A new current source temperature compensation circuit for ring VCO» In IEEE international symposium on communications (ISCOM2005)

Wang, Chi-Hsiung, and al. « Supply voltage and temperature insensitive current reference for the 4 MHz oscillator » Integrated Circuits (ISIC), 2011 13th International Symposium on. IEEE, 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isicir.2011.6131873


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize