Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Negative Feedback Programmable Charge Amplifier for Control Piezoelectric Sensors


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v17i2.21740

Abstract


This paper describes the design and operation of a programmable charge amplifier for a piezoelectric sensor. An operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit operates the charge amplifier. The purpose of this paper was to design and explain a novel approach for programmable charge amplifiers. A programmable charge amplifier is created by a host digitally (Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)) and a network of negative feedback, which is a network of resistors and capacitors (RC) connected between an output and inverter input node of an op-amp, where the feedback capacitor is 15 pF and resistors are 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 k. The analog switch was used to connect serial to RC and subsequently to SPI. The suggested circuit was developed and evaluated using discrete components; also, the programmable circuit design and results were generated using Linear Technology's Integrated Circuit Emphasis (LTSPICE) simulation software. It is powered by a ±5V battery. The open loop (AOL), Noise Gain (NG), and phase margin have all been demonstrated in ac analysis. AOL and UGF are set for varied all switches (AOL 107.26 dB and UGF 8.6 MHz), however NG exhibits stability when the feedback capacitor is larger than 15 pF and the feedback resistance is fixed since the design has a Rate-Of-Closure (ROC) smaller than 20 dB. On the other side, the phase margin is also stable. When the switches (the 5-bits of SPI) are activated, the feedback capacitor is set to 15 pF, resulting in the optimum stability, output voltage, settling time, and slew rate. These have been completed in the time domain (transient analysis).
Copyright © 2022 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Analog Switch; Charge Amplifier; Noise Gain; Op-amp; Piezoelectric Sensor; Programmable Op-Amp

Full Text:

PDF


References


Z. Yi, J. Huang, Z. Liu, J. Liu, and B. Yang, Portable, Wireless Wearable Piezoelectric Arterial Pulse Monitoring System Based on Near-Field Communication Approach, IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 183-186, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1109/LED.2019.2954878

T.-W. Wang and S.-F. Lin, Wearable piezoelectric-based system for continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure measurement, Sensors, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 851, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030851

R. Ebrahimi, N. Ayobi, P. S. Ghasemi, and E. N. Aghdam, Real-Time Control of Resonance Point of Piezoelectric Transducers Based on Class D Power Converter, in 2019 27th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), 30 April-2 May 2019 2019, pp. 336-340.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2019.8786677

W. Gao and Q. M. Wang, Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors as Switching Devices, in 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF), 16-21 May 2021 2021, pp. 1-4.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAF51943.2021.9477348

D. Yang et al., A piezoelectric AlN MEMS hydrophone with high sensitivity and low noise density, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 318, p. 112493, 2021/02/01/ 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112493

E. Alnasser, A Novel Low Output Offset Voltage Charge Amplifier for Piezoelectric Sensors, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 5360-5367, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2970839

S. R. Dessai, P. Keny, U. Gaitonde, and M. V. S. Chandra, Design of CMOS based Programmable Gain Operational Amplifier, in RSM 2013 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics, 25-27 Sept. 2013 2013, pp. 139-142.
https://doi.org/10.1109/RSM.2013.6706492

M. Z. Jahangir and C. S. Paidimarry, Design of programmable Op-Amps with minimized DC variations at output, in 2013 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PrimeAsia), 19-21 Dec. 2013 2013, pp. 120-125.
https://doi.org/10.1109/PrimeAsia.2013.6731190

M. Zaidi, I. Grout, and A. K. A'ain, Programmable Gain and Bandwidth Op-Amp Using Controllable Input Stage Tail Current, in 2018 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 7-9 March 2018 2018, pp. 1-4.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IEECON.2018.8712233

M. Zaidi, I. Grout, and A. K. A. ain, Programmable bandwidth operational amplifier with negative miller compensation, in 2017 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), 8-10 March 2017 2017, pp. 1-4.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IEECON.2017.8075896

W. Q. Liu, Z. H. Feng, R. B. Liu, and J. Zhang, The influence of preamplifiers on the piezoelectric sensor's dynamic property, (in eng), Rev Sci Instrum, vol. 78, no. 12, p. 125107, Dec 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2825404

W. Liu, Z. Feng, R. Liu, and J. Zhang, The influence of preamplifiers on the piezoelectric sensor's dynamic property, The Review of scientific instruments, vol. 78, p. 125107, 01/01 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2825404

S. Dong, C. Liu, X. Xin, and X. Tong, A three-stage OTA with hybrid active miller enhanced compensation technique for large to heavy load applications, Microelectronics Journal, vol. 115, p. 105199, 2021/09/01/ 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2021.105199

S. Bajoria, V. K. Singh, R. Kunde, and C. D. Parikh, Low power high bandwidth amplifier with RC Miller and gain enhanced feedforward compensation, in Proceeding of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design (ISLPED '08), 11-13 Aug. 2008 2008, pp. 193-196.
https://doi.org/10.1145/1393921.1393972

H. Kim, Y. Park, H. Yang, and S. Kim, A constant bandwidth switched-capacitor programmable-gain amplifier utilizing adaptive miller compensation technique, in 2017 30th IEEE International System-on-Chip Conference (SOCC), 5-8 Sept. 2017 2017, pp. 249-252.
https://doi.org/10.1109/SOCC.2017.8226051

Brandstetter, P., Majer, R., Sulak, R., Implementation of Power Operational Amplifier with Source-Sink Output Stage, (2015) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 10 (2), pp. 197-204.
https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v10i2.5663

H. Jung, D. R. Utomo, S. K. Han, J. Kim, and S. G. Lee, An 80 MHz Bandwidth and 26.8 dBm OOB IIP3 Transimpedance Amplifier With Improved Nested Feedforward Compensation and Multi-Order Filtering, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 3410-3421, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2020.2991772

M. Yavari, O. Shoaei, and F. Svelto, Hybrid cascode compensation for two-stage CMOS operational amplifiers, in 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 23-26 May 2005 2005, pp. 1565-1568 Vol. 2.

A. K. Mishra, S. Sinha, D. D. V. Subbarao, D. Vaithiyanathan, and B. Kaur, Study and Implementation of Low Power Decoder using DVL and TGL Logic, in 2021 IEEE Madras Section Conference (MASCON), 27-28 Aug. 2021 2021, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MASCON51689.2021.9563382

D. Ajitha, S. Ahmed, F. Ahmad, and G. K. Rajini, Design of Area Efficient Shift Register and Scan Flip-Flop based on QCA Technology, in 2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI), 5-7 March 2021 2021, pp. 716-719.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ESCI50559.2021.9396977

L. Technology. LTSPICE.
http://www.linear.com/designtools/software/

E. Bartolome, Signal conditioning for piezoelectric sensors, Texas Instruments Analog Applications Journal, vol. 10, 2010.

C. Covaci and A. Gontean, Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Solutions: A Review, Sensors, vol. 20, p. 3512, 06/21 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123512

J. Webster, 22. Webster, J. G. (ed.), Medical instrumentation: application and design, Fourth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2010. 2010.

T. Oh, S. Islam, M. Mahfouz, and G. To, A Low-Power CMOS Piezoelectric Transducer Based Energy Harvesting Circuit for Wearable Sensors for Medical Applications, Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications, vol. 7, p. 33, 12/18 2017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7040033

P. Instrumente. Piezoelectric Discs. Physik Instrumente UK - Precision positioning solutions and piezo technology. (accessed 28 Sept, 2021).
https://www.physikinstrumente.co.uk/en/products/piezoelectric-transducers-actuators/disks-rods-and-cylinders/piezoelectric-discs-1206710/#specification

Adeyanju, A., Energy Generation from Footsteps Using Piezo-Electric Tiles, (2021) International Journal on Energy Conversion (IRECON), 9 (4), pp. 156-167.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irecon.v9i4.19956

Mendoza Casseres, D., Valencia, G., Duarte Forero, J., In-Cylinder Pressure Signal Processing Applied to the Diagnosis of Combustion in Low Displacement Diesel Engine, (2020) International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), 10 (2), pp. 137-144.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v10i2.18640

Alrashdan, M., Quality and Damping Factors Optimization Using Taguchi Methods in Cantilever Beam Based Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generator for Cardiac Pacemaker Applications, (2020) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 13 (2), pp. 74-84.
https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v13i2.18347


Refbacks



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize