Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Iterative Sequential Optimization Method for Maximizing the Wind Farm Generation Considering the Wake Effect


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v11i6.10406

Abstract


The wake effect due to aerodynamic interaction among wind turbines makes the wind farm control a challenging problem. The issues on the wind farm control considering the wake effect include the power generation control, reduction of structural loads, and maximization of energy capture. Among these issues, this paper focuses on the maximization of energy capture and proposes an iterative sequential optimization method (ISOM). The ISOM is not limited to a particular wake model and is based on the actual measurement of the generated power. The ISOM aims to reduce the number of iterations by exploiting the properties of the maximization problem, which include the iterative single-variable optimizations and the sequential optimization in the direction from upwind turbines to downwind ones. Further, the ISOM achieves a significant level of performance in terms of the generated power at the early stage of the iteration process. The effectiveness of the ISOM is verified by the simulations using a four-turbine wind farm and the Horns Rev wind farm. The results show that the ISOM can effectively search the optimal solution with the trade-off between the number of iterations and the precision of the solution.
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Iterative Optimization; Power Maximization; Wake Effect; Wind Farm Control

Full Text:

PDF


References


Global Wind Energy Council, Global wind report-annual market update 2015 (GWEC, 2015) Available: http://www.gwec.net/publications/global-wind-report-2/global-wind-report-2015-annual-market-update/.

V. Spudic, M. Jelavic, M. Baotic, Wind turbine power control for coordinated control of wind farms, 18th International Conference on Process Control, Jun. 14-17, 2011, Tatranská Lomnica, Slovakia.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2012.6426490

K.E. Johnson, N. Thomas, Wind farm control: Addressing the aerodynamic interaction among wind turbines, American Control Conference, Jun. 10-12, 2009, St. Louis, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2009.5160152

M. Steinbuch, W.W. de Boer, O. H. Bosgra, S. Peters, J. Ploeg, Optimal control of wind power plants, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., vol. 27, n. 1–3, 1988, pp. 237–246.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(88)90039-6

S. Frandsen, M.L. Thogersen, Integrated fatigue loading for wind turbines in wind farms by combining ambient turbulence and wakes, Wind Eng., vol. 23, n. 6, 1999, p. 327–340.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1824(199901/03)2:1%3C1::aid-we16%3E3.3.co;2-z

L.Y. Pao, K.E. Johnson, A tutorial on the dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms, American Control Conference, Jun. 10-12, 2009, St. Louis, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2009.5159795

J.R. Marden, S.D. Ruben, L.Y. Pao, Surveying game theoretic approaches for wind farm optimization, 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Jan. 09-12, 2012, Tennessee, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-1154

M. Soleimanzadeh, R. Wisniewski, Controller design for a wind farm, considering both power and load aspects, Mechatronics, vol. 21, n. 4, 2011, pp. 720–727.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2011.02.008

E. Muljadi, C.P. Butterfield, Wind Farm Power System Model Development, World Renewable Energy Congress VIII, Aug. 29-Sep. 3, 2004, Colorado, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-59

J. Zhang, A. Dysko, J. O'Reilly, W.E. Leithead, Modelling and performance of fixed-speed induction generators in power system oscillation stability studies, Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 78, n. 8, 2008, pp. 1416–1424.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2008.01.003

I. Zubia, X. Ostolaza, A. Susperregui, G. Tapia, Complete wind farm electromagnetic transient modeling for grid integration studies, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 50, no. 3, 2009, pp. 600–610.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.10.024

A.D. Hansen, P. Sorensen, F. Iov, F. Blaabjerg, Centralised power control of wind farm with doubly fed induction generators, Renew. Energy, vol. 31, 2006, pp. 935–951.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2005.05.011

J.L. Rodriguez-Amenedo, S. Arnaltes, M.A. Rodriguez, Operation and coordinated control of fixed and variable speed wind farms, Renew. Energy, vol. 33, 2008, pp. 406–414.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.03.003

V. Spudic, M. Baotic, M. Jelavic, N. Peric, Hierarchical wind farm control for power/load optimization, The Science of Making Torque from Wind, Jun. 28-30, 2010, Crete, Greece.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2012.6426490

M. Kristalny, D. Madjidian, Decentralized feedforward control of wind farms: Prospects and open problems, 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference, Dec. 12-15, 2011, Florida, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161332

D. Madjidian, K. Martensson, A. Rantzer, A distributed power coordination scheme for fatigue load reduction in wind farms American Control Conf., Jun. 29-Jul. 01, 2011, California, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2011.5991399

M. Soleimanzadeh, R. Wisniewski, S. Kanev, An optimization framework for load and power distribution in wind farms, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., vols. 107–108, 2012, pp. 256–262.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.04.024

M. Soleimanzadeh, R. Wisniewski, K. Johnson, A distributed optimization framework for wind farms, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., vol. 123, 2013, pp. 88–98.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.011

E. Bitar, P. Seiler, Coordinated control of a wind turbine array for power maximization, American Control Conference, Jun. 17-19, 2013, Washington DC, USA.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6580274

J.R. Marden, S.D. Ruben, L.Y. Pao, A model-free approach to wind farm control using game theoretic methods, IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Tech., vol. 21, n. 4, 2013, pp. 1207–1214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2013.2257780

D. Wolpert, W.G. Macready, No free lunch theorems for optimization,” IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. vol. 1, n. 1, 1997, pp. 67–82.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4235.585893

I. Katic, N.O. Jensen, A simple model for cluster efficiency, European Wind Energy Association Conference and Exhibition, Oct. 07-09, 1986, Rome, Italy.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(86)90015-2

D.P. Bertsekas, Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control (Massachusetts:Athena Scientific, 1995).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1995.478953

R. Barthelmie, S. Frandsen, K. Hansen, J. Schepers, K. Rados, W. Schlez, A. Neubert, L. Jensen, S. Neckelmann, Modelling the impact of wakes on power output at Nysted and Horns Rev, European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Mar. 16-19, 2009, Marseille, France.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1398.1

Y.G Jin, Y.C. Kang, Method for increasing generation of a wind farm considering the wake effect irrespective of a specific above-rated wind speed, International Conference on Wind energy Grid-Adaptive Technologies, Oct. 20-22, 2014, Jeju, Korea.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/709128

J.F. Manwell, J.G. McGowan, A.L. Rogers, Wind Energy Explained: Theory, Design and Application, 2nd ed. (New York: Wiley, 2009).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119994367

S. Boyd, L. Vandenberghe, Convex optimization (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511804441

Boukhriss, A., Nasser, T., Essadki, A., Boualouch, A., Improved Control for DFIG used in Wind Energy Conversion Systems, (2014) International Review of Automatic Control (IREACO), 7 (4), pp. 403-411.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize