Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

3D-FDTD Computation of Lightning Return Stroke Current and Associated Electromagnetic Field Using Electromagnetic Models


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v11i5.9697

Abstract


This paper presents a new approach for the calculation of the lightning channel current distribution and the associated electromagnetic field components in the close vicinity of a vertical lightning return stroke channel. This approach is based on the use of lightning return stroke electromagnetic models combined to the 3D-FDTD method. The novelty of this approach is the use of Taflove formulation in order to calculate both the electric and magnetic fields and their densities obtaining then the lightning channel return stroke current space-time distribution. The employed electromagnetic models include a vertical resistive wire having an additional series distributed inductance and a wire surrounded by a dielectric medium (other than the air) that occupies the half space above the ground. The obtained results are compared to others taken by the specialized literature notably measured data. It appears that the used approach yield reasonably accurate results of close electromagnetic fields and lightning return stroke current spatiotemporal distribution.
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Lightning; Electromagnetic Models; LEMP; 3D-FDTD Method; UPML Boundary Conditions; Taflove Formulation

Full Text:

PDF


References


V. A. Rakov, and M. A. Uman, Review and evaluation of lightning return stroke models including some aspect of their application, IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 40, n. 4, Nov. 1998, pp. 403 - 426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/15.736202

A. Amitani, N. Nagaoka, Y. Baba and T. Ohno, Power system transients – theory and applications,(CRC Press. Taylor and Francis group, 2014).

T. H. Tahang, Y. Baba, A. Amitani, and V. Rakov, FDTD simulation of corona effect on lightning-induced voltages, IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility. vol. 56, n. 1,Fev. 2014. pp. 168 – 176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2013.2278384

M.VanBaricum and E. K. Mailler, TDWTD — A computer program for time-domain analysis of thin-wire structures, (Livermore. CA: Lawrence Livemore Lab. 1972)

R. F. Harrington, Field computation by moment methods,( New York: Macmillan, 1968).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9780470544631

K. S. YEE, Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell’s equations in isotropic medi, IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation. vol. AP-14, n. 3, May, 1966, pp 302-307.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.1966.1138693

R.Moini, B. Kordi, G. Z. Rafi and V. A. Rakov, A new lightning return stroke model based on antenna theory , Journal of geophysical research,vol. 105, n. D24,, Dec. 2000, pp. 29,693 – 29,702.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900541

A. Shoory, R. Moini, S. H. H. Sadeghi, and V. A. Rakov, Analysis of lightning radiated electromagnetic fields in vicinity of lossy ground , IEEE Tans. Electromagnetic. Compatibility, vol.47, n. 1, Feb. 2005, pp 131-145.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2004.842104

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, Application of electromagnetic models of the lightning return stroke”, IEEE Trans. Power delivery. vol. 23,n. 2, Apr. 2008, pp. 800 - 810.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2007.916169

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, Electric and magnetic fields predicted by different electromagnetic models of the lightning return stroke versus measurement, IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility. vol. 51, n. 3, August 2009, pp. 479 - 487.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2009.2019122

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, Electromagnetic models of the lightning return stroke, Journal of Geophysical research. vol. 112, D04102, 2007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007222

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, Application of the FDTD method to lightning electromagnetic pulse and surge simulation, IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility. vol. 56, n. 6, Dec. 2014. pp. 1506 – 1521.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2014.2331323

M. Izadi, M. Z. A. AbKadir, C. Gomes, and V. Cooray Evaluation of lightning return stroke current using measured electromagnetic fields”, Progress In Electromagnetic Research, vol, 130, 2012, pp. 581-600.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier12060712

A. Taflove, and S. C. Hagness, Computational electrodynamics: the finite-difference time-domain method, (Second Edition, Artech House, Boston-London, 2000).

J. P. Berenger, “Three-dimensional perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves”, Journal of Computational Physics. vol.127, 1996, pp 363-379.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1996.0181

T. Noda and S. Yokoyama, Thin wire representation in finite difference time domain surge simulation, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery. vol. 17, n. 3, July 2002, pp. 840 - 847.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2002.1022813

Y. Taniguchi, Y. Baba, N. Nagaoka and A. Ametani, An improvement of thin wire representation for FDTD Electromagnetic and surge calculations, IEEE Trans. Antennas and propagation. vol. 56, issue: 10, oct 2008, pp 3248 – 3252.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2008.929447

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, On the use of lumped sources in lightning return stroke models, Journal of Geophysical research.vol. 110, D03101, 2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005202

Y. Taniguchi, Y. Baba, N. Nagaoka and A. Amitani, Modification on thin wire representation for FDTD calculations in non square grids,IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility . vol. 50, n. 2, May 2008, pp. 427 – 431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2008.921034

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, On the transmission line model for lightning return stroke, Geophysical research Letters.vol. 30, n. 24, 2294, 2003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018407

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, Evaluation of lightning return stroke electromagnetic models, the 29th International Conference on Lightning protection~ICLP 2008~.23rd – 26th June 2008 – Uppsala, Sweden.

Y. Baba and V. A. Rakov, On the mechanism of attenuation of current waves propagating along a vertical perfectly conducting wire above ground: Application to lightning, IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility. vol. 47, n. 3, August 2005, pp. 521 - 532.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2005.850690

Y. Baba and M. Ishii ,Characteristics of electromagnetic return-stroke models,IEEE Trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility vol. 45, n. 1, Feb. 2003, pp. 129 - 135.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2002.808037

F. Pérez-ocon, J. R. J. Cuesta, and A. M. P. Molina, Exponential discretization of the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition simulation in FD-TD 3D , International journal of light and optics. Optik 113, n. 8, 2002, pp 354 – 360.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0030-4026-00176

D. S. Katz, T. Theirle, and A.Taflove,,Validation and extension on three dimension of the Berenger PML absorbing boundary condition for FD-TD meshes, IEEE Microwave and Guided wave Letters. vol. 4, n. 8, August. 1994, pp. 268 - 270.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/75.311494

M. N. O. Sadiku, Numerical techniques in electromagnetic,( CRC Press. Boca Raton New York Washington, D.C 2000).

D. M. Sullivan, Electromagnetic simulation using the FDTD method,(IEEE Press series on RF microwave technology, 2000).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9780470544518

T. Noda, A. Tatematsu, S. Yokoyama, Improvement of an FDTD based surge simulation code and its application to the lightning overvoltage calculation of a transmission tower, Electric power systems research, ELSEVIER, EPSR-2416, 2006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2006.08.021

M. M. F. Saba, O. Pinto Jr., and M. G. Ballarotti, relation between lightning stroke peak current and following current, Geophysical research Letters. vol. 33, L 23807, 2006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027455

Y. Baba and V. Rakov, On the Interpretation of Ground Reflections Observed in Small-Scale Experiments Simulating Lightning Strikes to Towers, IEEE trans. Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol 47,n. 3,August 2005, pp. 533 - 542.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2005.852220

Y. Baba, Numerical electromagnetic analysis using the FDTD method, In A. Ametani (Ed.) Numerical Analysis of Power System Transients and Dynamics, Stevenage, England : Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbpo078e_ch6


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize