Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Analyzing Upcoming Trends in Development of Current Transducers for Automatic Equipment and Relay Protection: a Review


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v10i3.6253

Abstract


The present article dwells upon the modern stage in development of current transducers which are a link between controlled (protected) multi-motor drive system on the one side, and its protection, control and automation systems, on the other side. Conducted research makes it possible to demonstrate, on reasonable grounds, main disadvantages of using current transformers, Hall effect sensors and optical transformers of new designs as primary current transducers. Based on the information provided in the article, one can conclude that in the nearest future the most promising type of primary current transducer for relay protection and automation systems (including control systems) are Rogowski coils. Design peculiarities and various implementation schemes of such coils make it possible to greatly extend the application field of diagnostic and protection systems in multi-motor drive applications. The concluding section of the article contains analysis of widely used software for mathematical modeling of primary current transducers. Main advantages of using Micro-Cap program in modeling of current transformers and Rogowski coils are investigated.
Copyright © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Current Measurement; Digital Filters; Digital Simulation; Digital Integrated Circuits; Electric Current Control; Electric Sensing Devices; Power System Protection; Relays

Full Text:

PDF


References


S. F. Bush “Smart Grid: Communication-Enabled Intelligence for the Electric Power Grid”, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, ISBN: 978-111-99-7580-9; 2014. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118820216.app

E. Hossain, Z. Han, H. V. Poor, “Smart grid communications and networking”, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 978-113-90-1346-8; 2013. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139013468

S. H. Horowitz, A. G. Phadke, “Power System Relaying”, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, ISBN: 978-047-07-5878-6; 2008. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470758786.ch7

W. Rebizant, J. Szafran, A. Wiszniewski, “Digital Signal Processing in Power System Protection and Control”, Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 978-085-72-9802-7; 2011. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-802-7

A. Wright, C. Christopoulos, “Electrical Power System Protection”, Publisher: Springer US, ISBN: 978-1-4615-3072-5; 1993. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3072-5

A. Wright, “Current Transformers: Their Transient and Steady-state Performance (Modern Electrical Studies)”. Publisher: Chapman and Hall; 1St Edition edition. ISBN: 978-0-4120-8850-6; 1968. [Online]. Available from: http: http://www.amazon.com/Current-Transformers-Steady-state-Performance-Electrical/dp/0412088509.

J. Fraden, “Handbook of modern sensors (Physics, Designs, and Applications)”. Publisher: Springer NY; Fourth Edition. ISBN: 978-144-19-6465-6; 2010. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6466-3

K. Sozanski, “Digital signal processing in power electronics control circuits”. Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN: 978-144-71-5267-5; 2013. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5267-5

Y.-P. Tsai, K.-L. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, N. Chen, “Multifunctional coreless Hall-Effect current transformer for the protection and measurement of power systems”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 63, Issue 3, pp. 557–565, March 2014. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2281555

K. T. V. Grattan, Y. N. Ning, “Optical current sensor technology”. Publisher: Springer US. ISBN: 978-144-19-4736-9, 1999. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6077-4_7

P. F. Ribeiro, C. A. Duque, P. M. Silveira, A. S. Cerqueira, “Power Systems Signal Processing For Smart Grids”. Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester, United Kingdom. ISBN: 978-111-86-3928-3, 2013. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118639283.ch03

Internet site of Nxtphase [Online]. Available: http://www.nxtphase.com/

L. Kojovic, “Rogowski Coils Suit Relay Protection and Measurement”, IEEE Computer Applications in Power, vol. 10, Issue 3, pp. 47–52, July 1997. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/67.595293

M. Faifer, R. Ottoboni, “An Electronic Current Transformer Based on Rogowski Coil”, Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, 2008. IMTC 2008. IEEE, pp. 1554–1559, 12–15 May 2008. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2008.4547290

L.A. Kojovic, M.T. Bishop, D. Sharma, “Innovative Differential Protection of Power Transformers Using Low-Energy Current Sensors”, Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions, vol. 49 , Issue 5, pp. 1971–1978, June 2013. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2264792

E. L. Harder, E. H. Klemmer, W. K. Sonnemann, E. C. Wentz, “Linear Couplers for Bus Protection”, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Transactions, vol. 61, Issue 5, pp. 241–248, May 1942. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-aiee.1942.5058522

W. K. Sonnemann, “A New Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault-Detecting Relay”, Electrical Engineering, vol. 61, Issue 9, pp. 677–680, Sept. 1942. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EE.1942.6436527

V. Skendzic, B. Hughes, “Using Rogowski coils inside protective relays”, Protective Relay Engineers, 2013 66th Annual Conference, pp. 1–10, 8–11 April 2013. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2013.6822022

I. A. Metwally, “Multi-layer self-integrating Rogowski coils for high pulsed current measurement”, Instruments and Experimental Techniques, vol. 58, Issue 1, pp. 49–58, January 2015. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441215010078

Q. Chen, H. B. Li, M. M.Zhang, et al., “Design and characteristics of two Rogowski coils based on printed circuit board,” IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 55, Issue 3, pp. 939–943, June 2006. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/10.1109/TIM.2006.873788

IEEE Standard C37.235™-2007, "IEEE Guide for the Application of Rogowski Coils Used for Protective Relaying Purposes", ISBN: 978-073-81-5713-9, 2008. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4457884

“Application Notes”. Power Electronic Measurements Ltd., pp. 1-17, Sept. 2002. [Online]. Available: http://www.pemuk.com.

L.A. Kojovic, M.T. Bishop, “Comparative characteristics of iron-core current transformers and Rogowski Coils for applications for protective relaying purposes”, Protective Relay Engineers, 62nd Annual Conference, 2009. IEEE, pp. 527–535, 30 March- 2 April 2009. [Online].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2009.4982539

L.A. Kojovic, M.T. Bishop, “Advanced protective relaying based on Rogowski coil current sensors”, Actual trends in development of power system protection and automation, 2009, pp. 49–59, 7-10 September 2009. [Online]. Available: http://retro-rzia.ru/up/konferencii/RZA_2009/05_Opyt_jekspl_DZT_s_katushkami_Rogovskogo.pdf

Patent of the Russian Federation “The device for test of current protection” no. 2093847, vol.29, 1997.

Patent of the Russian Federation “The device for measurement of a variable” no. 2139500, vol.28, 1999.

Patent of the Russian Federation “The device for test of current protection” no. 2240622, vol.6, 2004.

Patent of the Russian Federation “Measuring device of differential current protection of tires” no. 2396661, vol.22, 2010.

Patent of the Russian Federation “Device of current stabilization of a three-phase source of tension” no. 46116 U1, vol.16, 2005.

Patent of the Russian Federation “Active current measuring device” no. 2518846, vol.16, 2014.

D. B. Solovjov, A. S. Nagornykh, “Relay protection on the basis of the difference of pressure and using of current differentiating induction converters”, Energobezopasnost' i Energosberezhenie, vol. 42, Issue 6, pp. 32–34, Dec. 2011. [Online]. Available: http://endf.ru/42.php.

Patent of the Russian Federation “The measuring converter of current of the return sequence for a three-phase three-wire chain” no. 138 019 U1, vol.6, 2014.

Patent of the Russian Federation “Measuring converter of current of the return sequence” no. 2510514, vol.9, 2014.

Certificate on the state registration of the computer program of the Russian Federation “Calculation of parameters of elements of the measuring converter of current of the return sequence” no. 2014618761, 28.08.2014.

Certificate on the state registration of the computer program of the Russian Federation “Calculation of working parameters of an electrotechnical complex of a special purpose” no. 2015610470, 12.01.2015.

S. Lynch, “Dynamical Systems with Applications using Maple”. Publisher: Springer-Birkhäuser. ISBN: 978-081-76-4389-8, 2010. [Online]. Available from: http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780817643898#.

Micro-Cap 10 Electronic Circuit Analysis Program Reference Manual Copyright 1982-2010 by Spectrum Software 1021 South Wolfe Road Sunnyvale, CA 94086. [Online]. Available from: http://spectrum-soft.com


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize