Torsion Strength Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Beams
(*) Corresponding author
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v14i2.22853
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the torsion strength of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in association with a comprehensive database consisting of the results of 232 solid and hollow beams collected from the literature. The input layer has considered the influence of concrete strength and those of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, while the corresponding output layer has been the torsion strength. The developed ANN model has achieved an excellent agreement with the available test results, with an R of 0.99 with testing, validating, and testing sets. The ANN model has been employed to conduct a parametric study to assess the influence of the input variables. Furthermore, the contribution and the significance of input variables have been evaluated using the Garson and connecting weight algorithms. Finally, a code-like model has been proposed to calculate the torsion strength of solid and hollow sections, which is correlated well with the test results.
Copyright © 2023 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
ACI 318-71, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 1971.
Hsu T.T., Torsion of structural concrete-behavior of reinforced concrete rectangular members, ACI Special Publication Vol. 18: 261-306, January 1968.
Hsu T.T. Torsion of Reinforced Concrete (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1984).
Mitchell D., and Collins M.P., Diagonal Compression Field Theory-A Rational Model for Structural Concrete in Pure Torsion, ACI Journal Proceedings Vol. 71 (Issue 8): 396-408, August 1974.
https://doi.org/10.14359/7103
Hsu T.T., and M.o. Y.L., Softening of Concrete in Torsional Members-Theory and Tests, ACI Journal Proceeding Vol. 82 (Issue 3): 290-303, May 1985.
https://doi.org/10.14359/10335
Bernardo L.F., Andrade J.M., and Lopes S.M., Softened Truss Model for Reinforced NSC And HSC Beams Under Torsion: A Comparative Study, Engineering Structures Vol. 42: 278-296, September 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.04.036
Rahal K.N., and Collins M.P., Simple Model for Predicting Torsional Strength of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Sections, ACI Structural journal Vol. 93 (Issue 6): 658-666, November 1996.
https://doi.org/10.14359/512
Ashour S.A., Samman T.A., and Radain T.A., Torsional Behavior of Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Deep Beams, ACI Structural Journal Vol. 96 (Issue 6):1049-1060 November 1999.
https://doi.org/10.14359/782
Rahal K.N., and Collins M.P., Combined Torsion and Bending in Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Beams, ACI Structural Journal Vol. 100 (Issue 2):157-165, March 2003.
https://doi.org/10.14359/12479
Gregori J.N., Sosa P.M., Prada M.F., and Filippou F.C., A 3D numerical model for reinforced and prestressed concrete elements subjected to combined axial, bending, shear and torsion loading, Engineering Structures Vol. 29 (Issue 12):3404-3419, December 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.09.001
Jeng C.H., and Hsu T.T., A Softened Membrane Model for Torsion in Reinforced Concrete Members, Engineering Structures Vol. 31 (Issue 9): 1944-1954, September 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.038
Valipour H.R, and Foster S.J., Nonlinear Reinforced Concrete Frame Element with Torsion, Engineering Structures Vol. 32 (Issue 4): 988-1002, April 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.12.026
Rahal K.N., Torsional Strength of Normal and High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams, Engineering structures Vol. 56: 2206-2216, November 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.005
Bernardo L.F., Andrade J.M., and Nunes N.C., Generalized Softened Variable Angle Truss-Model for Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Torsion, Materials and Structures Vol. 48 (Issue 7): 2169-2193, July 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0301-z
Bernardo L.F., and Andrade J.M., A Unified Softened Truss Model for RC And PC Beams Under Torsion, Journal of Building Engineering Vol. 32:101467, November 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101467
ACI-ASCE Committee 445.1R-12., Report on Torsion in Structural Concrete. (American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan, 2013.
Mitchell D., Collins M.P., The Behaviour Of Structural Concrete Beams in Pure Torsion (University of Toronto, Department of Civil Engineering, 1974).
Kim M.J., Kim H.G., Lee Y.J., Kim D.H., Lee J.Y., and Kim K.H., Pure Torsional Behavior of RC Beams in Relation to The Amount of Torsional Reinforcement and Cross-Sectional Properties, Construction and Building Materials Vol. 260:119801, November 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119801
Cowan H.J., Tests of Torsional Strength and Deformation of Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams, Concrete and constructional engineering Vol. 46 (Issue 2):51-59, February 1951.
Fang I.K., and Shiau J.K., Torsional Behavior of Normal-and High-Strength Concrete Beams, ACI Structural Journal Vol. 101 (Issue 3): 304-313, May 2004.
https://doi.org/10.14359/13090
Lopes S.M., and Bernardo L.F., Twist Behavior of High-Strength Concrete Hollow Beams-Formation of Plastic Hinges Along the Length, Engineering Structures Vol. 31 (Issue 1):138-149, January 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.08.003
Chalioris C.E., Experimental Study of The Torsion of Reinforced Concrete Members, Structural engineering and mechanics Vol. 23 (Issue 6):713-737, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2006.23.6.713
Chiu H.J., Fang I.K., Young W.T., and Shiau J.K., Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Minimum Torsional Reinforcement, Engineering Structures Vol. 29 (Issue 9):2193-2205, September 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.11.004
Klus J.P., Ultimate Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Combined Torsion and Shear, ACI Journal Proceedings Vol. 65 (Issue 3): 210-216, March 1968.
https://doi.org/10.14359/7468
ACI 318-19., Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (American Concrete Institute, 2019).
CEN., Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, EN 2004-1-1, Eurocode 2. vol. 1 (European Committee for Standardization, 2004).
CSA Committee A23.3-14., Design of concrete structures (Canadian Standard Association, 2014).
Bredt R., Critical remarks on torsional elasticity, Zeitschrift des Vereines Deutscher Ingenieure. 40,785-90(1896).
Rausch E., Design of reinforced concrete in torsion (Berechnung des eisenbetons gegen verdrehung). Ph.D. Dissertation (in German), Technische Hochschule, Berlin 1929.
Ju H., Lee D., Kim K.H., Yerzhanov M., Zhang D., and Kim J.R., Torsional Design Method Used in Eurasia Region: A Comparative Study, Structural Concrete Vol. 22 (Issue 6):3798-834, October 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202100136
Tang C.W., Using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks to Model Torsional Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams, Computers and Concrete Vol. 3 (Issue 5): 335-355, October 2006.
https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2006.3.5.335
Arslan M.H., Predicting of Torsional Strength of RC Beams by Using Different Artificial Neural Network Algorithms and Building Codes, Advances in Engineering Software Vol. 41 (Issue 7-8): 946-955, July-August 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2010.05.009
Cevik A., Arslan M.H., and Köroğlu M.A., Genetic-Programming-Based Modeling of RC Beam Torsional Strength, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 14 (Issue 3):371-384, May 2010.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0371-6
Fiore A., Berardi L., and Marano G.C., Predicting Torsional Strength of RC Beams by Using Evolutionary Polynomial Regression, Advances in Engineering Software Vol. 47 (Issue 1):178-187, May 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.11.001
Ilkhani M.H., Naderpour H., and Kheyroddin A., A Proposed Novel Approach for Torsional Strength Prediction of RC Beams, Journal of Building Engineering Vol. 25:100810, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100810
Garson G.D., Interpreting Neural-Network Connection Weights, AI Expert Vol. 6:46-51, 1991.
Olden J.D., and Jackson D.A., Illuminating The "Black Box": A Randomization Approach for Understanding Variable Contributions in Artificial Neural Networks, Ecological modelling. Vol. 154 (Issue 1-2):135-150, August 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3800(02)00064-9
Rasmussen L.J., and Baker G., Torsion in Reinforced Normal and High-Strength Concrete Beams Part 1: Experimental Test Series, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 92 (Issue 1),56-62, January 1995.
https://doi.org/10.14359/1476
Koutchoukali N.E., and Belarbi A., Torsion of High-Strength Reinforced Concrete Beams and Minimum Reinforcement Requirement, ACI Structural Journal Vol. 98 (Issue 4): 462-469 January 2001.
https://doi.org/10.14359/10289
McMullen A.E., and Rangan B.V., Pure Torsion in Rectangular Sections-A Re-Examination, ACI Journal Proceedings Vol. 75 (Issue 10): 511-519, October 1978.
https://doi.org/10.14359/10963
Peng X.N., and Wong Y.L., Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls Subjected to Monotonic Pure Torsion-An Experimental Study, Engineering structures Vol. 33 (Issue 9): 2495-508, September 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.04.022
Leonhardt F., Schelling G., Torsion tests on reinforced concrete beams, Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbeton 239, 1974.
Joh C., Kwahk I., Lee J., Yang I.H., and Kim B.S., Torsional Behavior of High-Strength Concrete Beams with Minimum Reinforcement Ratio, Advances in Civil Engineering: 1432697, January 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1432697
Lee J.Y., Kim K.H., Lee S.H., Kim C., Kim M.H., Maximum Torsional Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Beams Subjected to Pure Torsion, ACI Structural Journal Vol. 115 (Issue 3): 749-760, May 2018.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51701108
Hassan R.F., Jaber M.H., Al-Salim N.H., and Hussein H.H., Experimental Research on Torsional Strength of Synthetic/Steel Fiber-Reinforced Hollow Concrete Beam, Engineering Structures Vol. 220:110948, October 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110948
Jeng C.H., Peng S.F., Chiu H.J., and Hsiao C.K., New Torsion Experiment on Large-Sized Hollow Reinforced Concrete Beams, ACI Structural Journal Vol. 111 (Issue 6): 389-397, November 2014.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51687166
Hanandeh, S., Khliefat, I., Hanandeh, R., Alhomaidat, F., Modelling the Free Flow Speed and 85th Percentile Speed Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm, (2022) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 13 (4), pp. 296-308.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v13i4.20678
Emadi, S., Emadi, S., Analyzing Cost and Time Objectives in the Construction Projects Using Artificial Neural Network, (2022) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 13 (2), pp. 91-98.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v13i2.21124
Ali, A., Abbas, N., Axial Capacity of Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns Using Artificial Neural Network, (2021) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 12 (6), pp. 389-397.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v12i6.20823
Beale M.H., Hagan M.T., Demuth H.B. Neural network toolbox: User's Guide (MathWorks, 2010).
Tran V.L., and Kim S.E, A Practical ANN Model for Predicting the PSS Of Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Engineering with Computers. Vol. 37 (Issue 3),2303-27, July 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-00944-w
Shahin M.A., Maier H.R., and Jaksa M.B, Data Division for Developing Neural Networks Applied to Geotechnical Engineering. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 18 (Issue 2),105-14, April 2004.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2004)18:2(105)
Koutchoukali, N.E., and Belarbi, A., Torsion of high-strength reinforced concrete beams and minimum reinforcement requirement. ACI Structural Journal, Vol.98 (Issue 4), 462-469. July 2001.
https://doi.org/10.14359/10289
Ali, A., Kareem, H., Statistical and Numerical Study on the Performance of Skirted Foundations in Clayey Soil, (2021) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 12 (1), pp. 20-30.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v12i1.18713
Khasawneh, M., Al-Omari, A., Taamneh, M., Al-Theeb, D., Rutting and Resilient Modulus Behavior of Asphalt Concrete Modified with Crump Tire Rubber, Microcrystalline Synthetic Wax and Nano Silica, (2021) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 12 (3), pp. 176-189.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v12i3.19609
Deb, T., Kumar Pal, S., Study on Uplift Behavior of Single Belled Anchor Piles in Sand Bed and Multiple Regression Analyses, (2017) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 8 (3), pp. 97-112.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v8i3.12001
Tariq M, Khan A, Shayanfar J, Hanif MU, and Ullah A., A Regression Model for Predicting the Shear Strength of RC Knee Joint Subjected to Opening and Closing Moment, Journal of Building Engineering. Vol. 29: 102727, September 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102727
Kueh A.B., Artificial Neural Network and Regressed Beam-Column Connection Explicit Mathematical Moment-Rotation Expressions, Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 43: 103195, November 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103195
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize