Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Estimating Consolidation Settlement Using the Physical Properties of Clay Soil Under Embankment


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v14i6.23311

Abstract


This Consolidation settlement is an important aspect of embankment work in various construction projects. This allows an engineer to estimate the value of the consolidation settlement and the length of time the consolidation will take. This study aims to analyze the consolidation settlement based on the consolidation parameters of the empirical relationship with the physical properties of clay soil. The research has begun with a consolidation test and an examination of the physical properties of clay soil on undisturbed soil samples. It has been followed by a search for an empirical relationship between consolidation parameters and clay soil properties. This equation is used to analyze the settlement in clay soils under embankment load. The results of the analysis show that the equations obtained have a similar shape to those from some previous studies. The use of moisture content, void ratio, and liquid limit of clay soil for the analysis of consolidation parameters has yielded positive results in estimating the consolidation settlement due to embankment load.
Copyright © 2023 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Moisture Content; Void Ratio; Liquid Limit; Consolidation Settlement

Full Text:

PDF


References


B. Azari, B. Fatahi, and H. Khabbaz, Assessment of the Elastic-Viscoplastic Behavior of Soft Soils Improved with Vertical Drains Capturing Reduced Shear Strength of a Disturbed Zone, Int. J. Geomech., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000448

P. J. V. Oliveira, J. L. P. Pinheiro, and A. A. S. Correia, Numerical Analysis of an Embankment Built on Soft Soil Reinforced with Deep Mixing Columns: Parametric Study, Comput. Geotech., vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 566-576, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2011.03.005

B. M. Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering. Stamford USA: Cengage Learning, 2010.

A. Waruwu, H. Halim, T. Nasution, and Y. Hanova, Bamboo Grid Reinforcement on Peat Soil under Repeated Loading, J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 2190-2196, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2018.2190.2196

M. O. A. Bazne, F. Vahedifard, and S. Shahrokhabadi, The Effect of Geonet Reinforcement on Bearing Capacity of Low-Compacted Soft Clay, Transp. Infrastruct. Geotechnol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 47-63, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-014-0017-0

S. Sivaraman and K. Muthukkumaran, Non-linear Performance Analysis of Free Headed Piles in Consolidating Soil Subjected to Lateral Loads, Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 449-457, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.09.007

Maulana, Azwar, R. D. Susanti, and A. Waruwu, Potential of Bamboo Pile as Reinforcement of Peat Soil under Embankment, ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 52-56, 2018.

Waruwu, A., Maulana, A., Halim, H., Settlement Estimation of Peat Reinforced with Bamboo Grid Under Embankment, (2017) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 8 (6), pp. 299-306.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v8i6.13130

W. Al-Ani, D. Wanatowski, and S. H. Chan, Numerical Analysis of Piled Embankments on Soft Soils, in Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics, 2014, pp. 30-39.
https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784413401.003

R. H. Latief and A. K. E. Zainal, Effects of Water Table Level on Slope Stability and Construction Cost of Highway Embankment, Eng. J., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1-12, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2019.23.5.1

D. J. Kadbhane and C. D. Modhera, Performance of RCC Box Drain under Fluctuating Depth of a Road Embankment, Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 548-554, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2018.12.005

J. J. Muhammed, P. W. Jayawickrama, A. Teferra, and M. A. Özer, Settlement of a Railway Embankment on PVD-Improved Karakore soft Alluvial Soil, Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1015-1027, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.03.004

M. Tashiro, M. Inagaki, and A. Asaoka, Prediction of and Countermeasures for Embankment-Related Settlement in Ultra-Soft Ground Containing Peat, in Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2013, pp. 2981-2984.

E. Priadi, Behavior of Tiang Tongkat Foundation over Pontianak Soft Organic Soil Using 3D-Finite Element Analysis, Technischen Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2008.

M. A. Nunez, L. Briançon, and D. Dias, Analyses of a pile-supported embankment over soft clay: Full-scale experiment, analytical and numerical approaches, Eng. Geol., vol. 153, pp. 53-67, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.11.006

A. Waruwu, H. C. Hardiyatmo, and A. Rifa'i, Deflection Behavior of The Nailed Slab System-Supported Embankment on Peat Soil, J. Appl. Eng. Sci., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 556-563, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes15-15113

M. Maulana, Y. Hanova, A. Waruwu, and E. R. Putra, Simplified Method for Prediction of Settlement in Bamboo Piles-Reinforced Peat under Embankment, J. Appl. Eng. Sci., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 35-42, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.5937/jaes17-18793

Waruwu, A., Hardiyatmo, H., Rifa'i, A., The Performance of the Nailed Slab System-Supported Embankment on Peat Soil, (2019) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 10 (5), pp. 243-248.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v10i5.15757

A. Waruwu, R. D. Susanti, D. Endriani, and S. Hutagaol, Effect of Loading Stage on Peat Compression and Deflection of Bamboo Grid with Concrete Pile, Int. J. GEOMATE, vol. 18, no. 66, pp. 150-155, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.21660/2020.66.62072

A. Waruwu, R. D. Susanti, N. Napitupulu, and J. O. Sihombing, The Combination of Bamboo Grid and Concrete Pile as Soil Reinforcement under The Embankment, Mag. Civ. Eng., vol. 106, no. 6, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.34910/MCE.106.10

S. D. Hinchberger and R. K. Rowe, Geosynthetic Reinforced Embankments on Soft Clay Foundations: Predicting Reinforcement Strains at Failure, Geotext. Geomembranes, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 151-175, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00006-2

A. S. Balasubramaniam, H. Cai, D. Zhu, C. Surarak, and E. Y. N. Oh, Settlements of Embankments in Soft Soils, Geotech. Eng., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 1-19, 2010.

P. Kim, C. U. Pak, and H. Myong, Analytical Solution for One-Dimensional Nonlinear Consolidation of Saturated Double-Layered Soil Subjected to Cyclic Loadings, J. Eng., vol. 2021, pp. 1-22, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5595232

A. Asaoka, Observation Prosedure of Settlement Prediction, Soils Found., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 87-101, 1978.
https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.18.4_87

S. G. Chung, N. K. Lee, and S. R. Kim, Hyperbolic Method for Prediction of Prefabricated Vertical Drains Performance, J. Geotech. Geoenvironmental Eng., vol. 135, no. 10, pp. 1519-1528, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000042

C. Li, A simplified method for prediction of embankment settlement in clays, J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 61-66, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.12.002

Al-Otaibi, F., Matar, H., Al-Ajmi, F., Consolidation Characteristics of Surface Soil Deposits in Kuwait, (2022) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 13 (6), pp. 466-473.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v13i6.21812

A. S. Azzouz, J. Krizek, and R. B. Carotis, Regression Analysis of Soil Compressibility, Soils Found., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 19-29, 1976.
https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.16.2_19

K. Terzaghi and R. Peck, Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. New York: J. Wiley, 1967.

B. K. Hough, Basic Soils Engineering. New York: Ronald Press Company, 1957.

S. Widodo and A. Ibrahim, Estimation of Primary Compression Index (Cc) Using Physical Properties of Pontianak Soft Clay, Int. J. Eng. Res. …, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 2232-2236, 2012.

C. Venkatramaiah, Geotechnical Engineering. New Delhi India: New Age International Publishers, 2006.

A. W. Skempton, Notes on Compressibility of Clays, Q. J. Geol. Sosiety, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 119-135, 1944.
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1944.100.01-04.08

N. Nguyen Thi, B. T. Son, and D. M. Ngoc, Research on Horizontal Coefficient of Consolidation of Vietnam's Soft Soil, J. Eng., vol. 2020, pp. 1-13, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3697689

C. H. Solanki and M. D. Desai, Role of Atterberg Limits on Time Rate Settlement of Alluvial Deposits, J. Eng. Technol., vol. 21, pp. 12-15, 2008.

K. S. Ng, Y. M. Chew, and N. I. A. Lazim, Prediction of Consolidation Characteristics from Index Properties, in E3S Web of Conferences, 2018, vol. 65, pp. 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186506004


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize