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Engineering Characterization of Quaternary Sandy Soil in the Mesopotamia Plain
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v12i1.18770
Abstract
The Quaternary sandy soil from Mesopotamia Plain and its engineering characteristics are one of the main objects of this paper, where the depositional environment, source material information, and chemical and physical factors have been provided by the characterization of the quaternary sandy soil. The influence of shape, mineral composition, and roundness of the soil grains has been studied with the assistance of sieve analysis, X-ray analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The main engineering properties of the soil (compressibility (no lateral strain), and shear strength) have been included in this paper. These properties have been determined under different compaction efforts, with unsoaked and soaked conditions. It has been found out that quaternary soil grains exhibit all about the same size, which indicates well-sorting sediment. The particles of the soil have been bulky, they have been almost sub-angular to a slightly rounded shape, which has reflected the mechanical weathering of the source minerals that formed quaternary sandy soil, and this may influence the compressibility and shear strength parameters. Mineralogically, the main assemblage of the soil has consisted of two minerals types (quartz, and calcite); such variety is chemically stable. It has been noted that, for the soaking conditions under different pressures, the axial deformation, the compression index, and the swelling index of the soil are low. This has been attributed to grain regularity. Under confined compression, the mechanism of deformation for such grains includes "contact slippage". Finally, increasing the compaction effort has impeded the shearing of the soil particles and the sliding between the grains of soil.
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