Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Measuring and Analyzing the Pulling Force in Full-Trailer Trucks on Rigid Pavements


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v12i3.18022

Abstract


The pulling force between the tractor and trailer units of four types of 66 full-trailer trucks has been measured using strain gauges for the case of uniform movement of the trucks on rigid pavements. The field study has revealed that the hook connecting the tractor and trailer units of full-trailer trucks has been generally horizontal with an average height of 100 cm above the pavement. A regression analysis has been carried out to correlate the pulling force with the total weight of trailer unit. The analysis has revealed that the strongest correlation is represented by a linear equation having a correlation coefficient of R=0.979. A comparison between the current equations for rolling resistance and the pulling force regression equation has revealed a good agreement, but the rolling resistance equation for trucks moving at very low speed has yielded results significantly higher than the pulling force regression equation. The effect of pulling force on axle load redistribution on a level pavement has been studied too by comparing the static axle loads of 1.2+2.2 full-trailer truck, determined by weighing in a permanent weighing station, with those calculated after consideration of the pulling force for the case of uniform motion. The paper reveals that this effect is insignificant.
Copyright © 2021 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Axle Load Survey; Full-Trailer Truck; Pulling Force Measurement; Rigid Pavement; Rolling Resistance; Strain Gauges; Truck Axle Loads

Full Text:

PDF


References


D. Rys, J. Judycki, and P. Jaskula, Analysis of effect of overloaded vehicles on fatigue life of flexible pavements based on weigh in motion (WIM) data, Int. J. Pavement Eng., vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 716–726, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1019493

D. Pearson-Kirk, Damage from heavy goods vehicles-the Middle East experience, Highw. Transp., vol. 36, no. 4, 1989.

S. S. Razouki, Characteristics of axle load in Arab world, in Proceedings Conference on the Technology of Pavement Design. Jordanian Road Association, Amman, Jordan, 1992, vol. 1, pp. 60–77.

S. S. Razouki and S. S. Razouki, Status of axle loads and their effects on pavements in Iraq, Eng. Technol. Sci. J. Publ. by Univ. Technol., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 35–54, 1993.

O. Osman, M. El Ghazolly, and R. Mousa, Impact of increasing legal axle loads on truck factor in Egypt, Effic. Transp. Pavement Syst. Sayed, Alnuaimi Masad, pp. 709–718, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203881200.ch66

M. R. Karim, A. S. Abdullah, H. Yamanaka, and A. S. Abdullah, Degree of Vehicle Overloading and its Implication on Road Safety in Developing Countries, Civil and Environmental Research, vol. 3, no. 12, pp. 20–32, 2013.

D. W. Harwood, Review of truck characteristics as factors in roadway design, vol. 505. Transportation Research Board, 2003.

S. S. Razouki and R. R. Al-Muhanna, Increased Damage to Uphill Rigid Pavements from Full-Trailers, Eng. Technol. J., vol. 28, no. 19, pp. 5919–5937, 2010.

S. S. Razouki, R. Al-Muhanna, and Z. H. Al-hashimi, Effect of Uphill Flexible Pavements on The Damaging Effect Of Full-Trailer Trucks With Tandem Front Axles, J. Univ. Babylon, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1660–1667, 2017.

J. TE and R. R, Traffic Survey (Ankara- Istanbul Expressway): Axle loads, TRRL Report LR 713, Crowthorne, Berkshire, England, 1976.

Y. H. Huang, Pavement Analysis and Design, Prentice–Hall, vol. Highway Re, no. June. 2004.

D. A. Preece, T. W. Anderson, and S. L. Schlove, An Introduction to the Statistical Analysis of Data, vol. 47, no. 2. 1979.

AASHTO, A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 1990, 7th Edition.

P. J. Claffey, Running costs of motor vehicles as affected by road design and traffic, 1971. [Online]. Available:

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_111.pdf

K. CJ and L. BK, Transportation engineering: an introduction, Third., vol. 27, no. 11. Prentice-Hill, 2006.

J. Ejsmont and W. Owczarzak, Engineering method of tire rolling resistance evaluation, Meas. J. Int. Meas. Confed., vol. 145, pp. 144–149, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.05.071

G. Bazi, E. Y. Hajj, A. Ulloa-Calderon, and P. Ullidtz, Finite element modelling of the rolling resistance due to pavement deformation, Int. J. Pavement Eng., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 365–375, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1480778

F. Gheshlaghi, Z. El-Sayegh, M. Sharifi, and M. El-Gindy, Prediction and validation of terramechanics models for estimation of tyre rolling resistance coefficient, Int. J. Veh. Syst. Model. Test., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 71–82, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvsmt.2020.10030673

H. S. Aldhufairi and K. E. Essa, Tire rolling-resistance computation based on material viscoelasticity representation, Adv. Automot. Eng., vol. 2, pp. 167–183, 2019.

T. Li, Influencing Parameters on Tire–Pavement Interaction Noise: Review, Experiments and Design Considerations, Designs, vol. 2, no. 4, p. 38, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.3390/designs2040038

P. K. Srivastava, S. Srivastava, and S. Shukla, Topology optimization: An effort to reduce the weight of bottom centre pivot, Int. J. Veh. Struct. Syst., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 471–475, 2019.

L. a. Hoel, N. J. Garber, and A. W. Sadek, Transportation Infrastructure Engineering: A Multimodal Integration, SI Edition. 2010.

F. L. Mannering and S. S. Washburn, Principles of highway engineering and traffic analysis. John Wiley & Sons, 2020.

J. A. Hernandez, I. L. Al-Qadi, and H. Ozer, Baseline rolling resistance for tires’ on-road fuel efficiency using finite element modeling, Int. J. Pavement Eng., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 424–432, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2015.1095298

P. S. Pillai and G. S. Fielding-Russell, Tire rolling resistance from whole-tire hysteresis ratio, Rubber Chem. Technol., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 444-452, 1992.
https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3538623

Al-Muhanna RR, Rigid pavement equivalency factors for full-trailers on upgrades, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq., 2008.

Ali, A., Kareem, H., Statistical and Numerical Study on the Performance of Skirted Foundations in Clayey Soil, (2021) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 12 (1), pp. 20-30.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v12i1.18713

Laksono, T., Estimated Construction Cost Model Based on Building Functions in Indonesia, (2019) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 10 (5), pp. 235-242.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v10i5.15303


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize