Research of Charring and Resulting Char in Natural and Treated Timber
(*) Corresponding author
DOI's assignment:
the author of the article can submit here a request for assignment of a DOI number to this resource!
Cost of the service: euros 10,00 (for a DOI)
Abstract
Wood is a material widely used for construction purposes, which has quite a number of advantages in comparison with other materials – it is light, strong, resistant to impacts and vibration, easy to process, etc. However, one of the largest drawbacks of wood – it is flammable. In case of fire in wooden buildings or buildings made of timber structures, the most noticeable feature of combustion is charring of these structures. This property is important in identifying the cause of a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to relate charring of timber structures with certain significant effects of fire, such as its duration and temperature. It is also important to identify whether timber has been treated with fire retardant solutions before the fire break-out. The article analyses the wood properties that have influence on combustion and charring processes. The indicators of charring, and calorific values, the electrical resistance and electrical capacitance were determined for char resulting in natural and treated timber under different conditions. Microscopic examination was carried out. The research results were summarised by conclusions
Copyright © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
R. Šniuolis, Engeneering Materials (Lucilijus, 2004).
M. Hagen, J. Hereid, M. A. Delichatsios, J. Zhang, D. Bakirtzis, Flammability assessment of fire-retarded Nordic Spruce wood using thermogravimetric analyses and conecalorimetry, Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 44: 1053–1066, 2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.07.004
R. Stevens, S. Daan, R. Bezemer, A. Kranenbarg, The structure – activity relationship of fire retardant phosphorus compounds in wood, Polymer degradation and stability. Elsevier: 832–841, 2006.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.06.014
S. T. Lebow, J. E. Winandy, Effect of fire-retardant treatment on polywood pH and the relationship of pH to strength properties, Wood science and technology, Vol. 33 (Issue 4). 285–298, 1999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002260050116
K. T. Subyakto, T. Hata, S. Ishihara, S. Kawai, H. Getto, 1998. Improving fire retardancy of fast growing wood by coating with fire retardant and surface densification, Fire mater, Vol. 22(Issue 5):207–212, 1998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1018(199809/10)22:5%3C207::aid-fam654%3E3.0.co;2-s
H. Getto, S. Ishihara, Functionally graded wood in fire endurance with basic nitrogen compounds and phosphoric acid, Fire and materials, Vol. 22: 77–83, 1998.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1018(199803/04)22:2%3C77::aid-fam641%3E3.0.co;2-w
H. A. Lecomte, J J. Liggat, Commercial fire-retarded PET formulations e Relationship between thermal degradation behaviour and fire-retardant action, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 93: 498–506, 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.11.005
K. H. Pawlowski, B. Schartel, Flame retardancy mechanisms of aryl phosphates in combination with boehmite in bisphenol A polycarbonate acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene blends, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 93: 657–667, 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.01.002
M. Grigonis, R. Mačiulaitis, V. Praniauskas, Ageing of Fire Coatings, (2012) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 3 (1), pp. 71-78.
Č. Jakimavičius, Timber study (Technologija, 2003).
M. Nagrodzka, D. Maloziec, Impregnation of the wood by flame retardants, Safety and fire technique, Vol. 3: 69–75, 2011.
D. Drysdale, An introduction to fire dynamics. Second edition. (Josons, 1998).&hn wiley
J. Jiang, J. Li, J. Hu, D. Fan, Effect of nitrogen phosphorus flame retardants on thermal degradation of wood, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 24, Elsevier: 2633–2637, 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.04.064
H. R. Taghiyari, Study on the effect of nano-silver impregnation on mechanical properties of heat-treated Populus nigra, Wood Sci Technol, 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00226-010-0343-5
T. Goodrich, N. Nawaz, S. Feih, B. Y. Lattimer, A. P. Mouritz, Hightemperature mechanical properties and thermal recovery of balsa wood, J Wood Sci, Vol. 56: 437–443, 2010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10086-010-1125-2
A. K. Bolling, J. Pagels, K. E. Yttri, L. Barregard, G. Sallsten, P. E. Schwarze, C. Boman, Health effects of residential wood smoke particles: the importance of combustion conditions and physicochemical particle properties, Particle and Fibre Toxicology, Vol. 6, 2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-6-29
B. Mahltig, C. Swaboda, A. Roessler, H. Bottcher, Functionalising wood by nanosol application, Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 18. 3180–3192, 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b718903f
R. Mačiulaitis, A. Jefimovas, P. Zdanevičius, Research of natural wood combustion and charring processes, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 18(Issue 5): 631–641,2012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.720935
Z. Bednarek, M. Griškevičius, G. Šaučiuvėnas, Tensile, compressive and flexural strength reduction of timber in fire, Engineering Structures and Technologies, Vol. 1(Issue 3): 148–156, 2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2009.18
M. Otero, X. Gomez, A. I. Garcia, A. Moran, Effects of sewage sludge blending on the coal combustion: A thermogravimetric assessment, Chemosphere, Vol. 69: 1740–1750, 2007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.077
S. Y. Yorulmaz, A. T. Atimtay, Investigation of combustion kinetics of treated and untreated waste wood samples with thermogravimetric analysis, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 90: 939–946, 2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.02.010
L. Helsen, E. Van den Bulck, S. Mullens, J. Mullens, Low-temperature pyrolysis of CCA-treated wood: thermogravimetric analysis, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Vol. 52: 65–86, 1999.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2370(99)00034-0
T. T. Fu, M. Q. Xiao, F. Chao, Investigation on combustion of fire retardant board under different N2–O2 mixture gas atmospheres by using thermogravimetric analysis, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 25: 2076–2084, 2011.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.036
Y. Zhaosheng, M. Xiaoqian, L. Ao, Thermogravimetric analysis of rice and wheat straw catalytic combustion in air- and oxygen-enriched atmospheres, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 50: 561–566, 2009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.10.022
disertacija Lipinsko
D. Lipinskas, R. Mačiulaitis, Further opportunities for development of the method for fire origin prognosis, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 11(Issue 4): 299–307, 2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13923730.2005.9636361
S. I. Taubkin, Fire and explosion, characteristics of their expertise (VNIIPO, 1999).
LST EN 13238:2010 Reaction to fire tests for building products - Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates, CEN, 2010, 11 p.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3403/30166839
K. Lukošius, New one side heating method for structures and its application for prediction of fire resistance of struc-tures with separation function, Ph.D. dissertation, VGTU, Vilnius, 2004.
LST EN 1363-1:2000 Fire resistance tests - Part 1: General requirements, CEN, 2000, 42 p.
LST EN ISO 1716:2010 Reaction to fire tests for products - Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value), CEN, 2010, 42 p.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3403/30171907
A. Demirbas, Carbonization ranking of selected biomass for charcoal, liquid and gaseous products, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 42(Issue 10): 1229–1238, 2001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(00)00110-2
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize