Phased Antenna Array Synthesis Technique Employing Special Directional Patterns and Demonstrating Improved Performance

Abstract

Antenna arrays with special, in particular, cosecant directional patterns are widely applied in the current radio engineering systems. When synthesizing antenna array using well-proven techniques, the expected directional pattern is set, with rare exceptions, to the zero values outside the cosecant sector. At the same time, this approach to the directional pattern development is not optimal. It is proposed to supplement the template of the expected directional pattern with the two linear slopes and a constant level area equal to the pattern maximum. A technique for optimizing geometric parameters of the template according to the criterion of the minimum standard deviation of the synthesized directional pattern from the ideal cosecant pattern has been developed. For this deviation, certain restrictions are presupposed: on the magnitude of the maximum pattern deviation in the cosecant sector or/and on the level of side lobes. The method for synthesizing an antenna array by decomposing the directional pattern into Nyquist-Shannon-Kotelnikov series is used while optimization technique is implemented based on the genetic algorithm. The results of the technique approbation show that the use of the optimized template makes it possible to improve the quantitative characteristics of the antenna array directivity. In particular, for the 70° cosecant sector and the 12-element array, a 4 dB gain in maximum pattern deviation is achieved with a simultaneous decrease in the maximum side lobe level by 3 dB. The developed technique can be used for synthesizing a phased antenna array with the directional pattern different from the cosecant one.
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