Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Performance Evaluation of IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks Based on Objective Functions for Media Technology


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v11i3.20610

Abstract


The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has proposed the use of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for the Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). RPL has been seen to be a major routing protocol related to the Internet of Things (IoT) that could be used for wireless networks with lower power consumption and liable to a higher packet loss. The RPL construct-related network topology uses the Objective Functions (OF) for choosing the route from the source to a destination node, which has been based on constraints and metrics. The IETF designed two OFs for the RPL protocol, i.e., Objective Function Zero (OF0) and Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF). In this study, the researchers have investigated the RPL performance with the help of the OFs in a medium density. This performance has been judged using different network parameters like Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Power Consumption (PC). Furthermore, in this study, the number of nodes has been maintained as 40 and 50. The RX ratio has varied between 20, 60, and 100%, in the grid, and random topologies. The results of the study have also indicated that the OF0 protocol has showed a better performance concerning the power consumption compared to the MRHOF, while both the OFs have showed a similar PDR performance.
Copyright © 2021 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


IoT; Protocol; RPL; Objective Functions; OF0; MRHOF; Cooja; DAG; DODAGs; PDR Media Technology

Full Text:

PDF


References


A. Kulkarni and D. Mukhopadhyay, Internet of things based weather forecastmonitoring system, Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and ComputerScience, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 555–557, 2018.

T. Tsvetkov and A. Klein, Rpl: Ipv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks, Network, vol. 59, pp. 59–66, 2011.

B. Mohammed and D. Naouel, Experimental performance evaluation of rplprotocol for ipv6 sensor networks, International Journal of Wireless Networksand Broadband Technologies (IJWNBT), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 43–55, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2020010103

O. Iova, P. Picco, T. Istomin, and C. Kiraly, “Rpl: The routing standard for theinternet of things... or is it?” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 54, no. 12,pp. 16–22, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2016.1600397cm

H. Kharrufa, H. Al-Kashoash, Y. Al-Nidawi, M. Q. Mosquera, and A. H. Kemp, Dynamic rpl for multi-hop routing in iot applications, in 2017. 13th Annual Conference on wireless on-demand network systems and services (WONS). IEEE, 2017, pp. 100–103.
https://doi.org/10.1109/wons.2017.7888753

A. Brachman, Rpl objective function impact on llns topology and performance, in Internet of things, smart spaces, and next generation networking Springer,2013, pp. 340–351.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40316-3_30

S. Mishra, P. Singh, and S. Tanwar, Sensor’s energy and performance enhance-ment using libp in contiki with cooja, inInternational Conference on Innovative Computing and Communications. Springer, 2020, pp. 321–336.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0324-5_29

H. Tian, Z. Qian, X. Wang, and X. Liang, Qoi-aware dodag construction in rpl-based event detection wireless sensor networks, Journal of Sensors, vol. 2017, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1603713

P. Pongle and G. Chavan, A survey: Attacks on rpl and 6lowpan in iot, in 2015 International conference on pervasive computing (ICPC). IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/pervasive.2015.7087034

N. Accettura, L. A. Grieco, G. Boggia, and P. Camarda, Performance analysis of the rpl routing protocol, in 2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics. IEEE, 2011, pp. 767–772.
https://doi.org/10.1109/icmech.2011.5971218

M. B. Yassien, O. Alzoubi, M. Shatnawi, and A. A. Rawashdeh, Performance analysis of rpl objective functions, in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Data Science, E-Learning and Information Systems, 2019, pp. 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3368691.3368727

M. B. Yassein, A. Flefil, D. Krstic, Y. Khamayseh, W. Mardini, and M. Shatnawi, Performance evaluation of rpl in high density networks for internet of things (iot), in Proceedings of the 2019 8th International Conference on Software and Information Engineering, 2019, pp. 183–187.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3328833.3328883

M. Qasem, H. Altawssi, M. B. Yassien, and A. Al-Dubai, Performance evaluation of rpl objective functions, in 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology; Ubiquitous Computing and Communications; Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing; Pervasive Intelligence and Computing. IEEE, 2015, pp. 1606–1613.
https://doi.org/10.1109/cit/iucc/dasc/picom.2015.242

Q. Q. Abuein, M. B. Yassein, M. Q. Shatnawi, L. Bani-Yaseen, O. Al-Omari, M. Mehdawi, and H. Altawssi, Performance evaluation of routing protocol (rpl) for internet of things, Performance Evaluation, vol. 7, no. 7, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2016.070703

W. Alayed, L. Mackenzie, and D. Pezaros, Evaluation of rpl’s single metric objective functions, in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData). IEEE, 2017, pp. 619–624.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ithings-greencom-cpscom-smartdata.2017.98

N. Pradeska, W. Najib, S. S. Kusumawardani et al., Performance analysis of objective function mrhof and of0 in routing protocol rpl ipv6 over low power wireless personal area networks (6lowpan), in 2016 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE). IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/iciteed.2016.7863270

R. Sharma and T. Jayavignesh, Quantitative analysis and evaluation of rpl with various objective functions for 6lowpan, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 8, no. 19, p. 1, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i19/76696

I. Kechiche, I. Bousnina, and A. Samet, A comparative study of rpl objective functions, in 2017 Sixth International Conference on Communications and Networking (ComNet), 2017, pp. 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/comnet.2017.8285595

H. Lamaazi, N. Benamar, and A. J. Jara, Study of the impact of designed objective function on the rpl-based routing protocol, in International Symposium on Ubiquitous Networking. Springer, 2016, pp. 67–80.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1627-1_6

W. Mardini, S. Aljawarneh, A. Al-Abdi, and H. Taamneh, Performance evaluation of rpl objective functions for different sending intervals, in 2018 6th International Symposium on Digital Forensic and Security (ISDFS). IEEE, 2018, pp. 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/isdfs.2018.8355323

I. Zaatouri, L. Lassouaoui, A. B. Guiloufi, N. Alyaoui, S. Rovedakis, A. Wei, andA. Kachouri, Study of routing metrics for low power and lossy network, in 2017International Conference on Smart, Monitored and Controlled Cities (SM2C). IEEE, 2017, pp. 167–171.
https://doi.org/10.1109/sm2c.2017.8071842

O. Gaddour, A. Koubaa, S. Chaudhry, M. Tezeghdanti, R. Chaari, and M. Abid, Simulation and performance evaluation of dag construction with rpl, in Third international conference on communications and networking. IEEE, 2012, pp. 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1109/comnet.2012.6217747

N. Sousa, J. V. Sobral, J. J. Rodrigues, R. A. Rabˆelo, and P. Solic, Eraof: A new rpl protocol objective function for internet of things applications, in 2017 2nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Computer and Energy Science (SpliTech). IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–5.

H. Lamaazi, N. Benamar, and A. J. Jara, Rpl-based networks in static and mobile environment: A performance assessment analysis, Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 320–333, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2017.04.001

F. Semedo, N. Moradpoor, and M. Rafiq, Vulnerability assessment of objec-tive function of rpl protocol for internet of things, in Proceedings of the 11thInternational Conference on Security of Information and Networks, 2018, pp. 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3264437.3264438

Bani Yassein, M., Aljawarneh, S., Al-Saad, M., An Efficient On-Demand Constrained Application Protocol for Internet of Things, (2018) International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), 8 (3), pp. 232-239.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v8i3.13186

Angrisani, L., Bonavolontà, F., Dassi, C., Liccardo, A., Schiano Lo Moriello, R., Tocchi, A., On the Suitability of Compressive Sampling for LoRa Signals Classification, (2020) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 15 (3), pp. 187-198.
https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v15i3.18129

Sánchez Ocaña, W., Abata, A., Jácome, E., Mora, M., Distributed Systems and Industrial Communication Networks with the Internet of Things, Aimed at Industry 4.0, (2019) International Review of Automatic Control (IREACO), 12 (5), pp. 229-235.
https://doi.org/10.15866/ireaco.v12i5.17687

Arena, F., Pau, G., Severino, A., Trubia, S., Curto, S., Future Connected Cars Through the Evolution of Telematics and Infotainment, (2021) International Journal on Engineering Applications (IREA), 9 (2), pp. 49-61.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irea.v9i2.20193


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize