Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Leaky Wave and Slot Antennas: a Survey and Comparison


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v9i1.15849

Abstract


Leaky wave antennas (LWAs) and slot antennas have been developed over the past years. This paper focuses on the review and comparison of past works on LWAs and slot antennas. However, the two antennas fall under traveling wave antennas. Besides, there is a lack of understanding of the differences and similarities on slot antennas. This paper also focuses on implementing a new kind of slot design, since there have been less works on slot antennas. The paper also states the types and applications of both antennas and gives an overview of the design concepts and procedures of the said types, and compares their performance regarding their applications. Furthermore, a brief retrospect on the progress of LWAs technology is given. Simulation results are presented and reviewed to allow for a second opinion. A suggestion on a familiar type of slot design is used on a different kind of waveguide.
Copyright © 2019 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Leaky Wave Antenna; Slot Antenna; Substrate Integrated Waveguide; Composite Right Left Hand Leaky Wave Antenna; Leaky Coaxial Cable; Waveguide

Full Text:

PDF


References


B. Donald G, IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms for Antennas, IEEE, Tech. Rep. Reaffirmed, 2004. [Online]. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp={&}arnumber=286098

F. Frezza, Introduction to Traveling-Wave antennas, European School of Antennas, Tech. Rep. September, 2017.

T. A. Milligan, Modern Antenna Design, 2nd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005.

J. du Preez and S. Sinha, Millimeter-Wave Antennas: Configurations and Applications, in Leaky-Wave Antennas. Springer International Publishing, 2016, ch. 2, pp. 19–38.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35068-4_2

S. F. Mahmoud and Y. M. Antar, Leaky-wave antennas: Theory and design, in National Radio Science Conference, NRSC, Proceedings, vol. 2013-January, no. March, 2013, pp. 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1109/nrsc.2013.6587951

D. R. Jackson and A. A. Oliner, Leaky-Wave Antennas, in Modern Antenna Handbook. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007, ch. 7, pp. 325–367.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470294154.ch7

M. Memarian and G. V. Eleftheriades, Dirac leakywave antennas for continuous beam scanning from 16 photonic crystals, Nature Communications, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 5855, Dec 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6855

F. Frezza, A. Galli, and P. Lampariello, Leaky-Wave Antennas in Encyclopedia of Telecommunications, 2003, pp. 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1002/0471219282.eot252

D. R. Jackson, Recent advances in leaky-wave antennas, in Recent Advances in Leaky-Wave Antennas, 2013, pp. 9–12.

A. Buffi, P. Nepa, and B. Tellini, Measurement system with leaky coaxial cables operating as distributed antennas for UHF-RFID readers, in 2017 IEEE International Workshop on Measurement and Networking (M&N). IEEE, Sep 2017, pp. 1–5.
https://doi.org/10.1109/iwmn.2017.8078398

S. Doucha and M. Abri, New Design of Leaky Wave Antenna Based on Siw Technology for Beam Steering, International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC), vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 73–82, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2013.5506

F. Hirtenfelder and S. Murray, “Leaky” Cables Make Fine Broadband Antennas, Microwave Journal, no. March, pp. 7–12, 2015. [Online].
Available at: http://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/23935

G. Lovat, P. Burghignoli, and D. R. Jackson, Fundamental properties and optimization of broadside radiation from uniform leaky-wave antennas, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1442–1452, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2006.874350

D. R. Jackson, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh, Leaky-Wave Antennas, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 7, pp. 2194–2206, Jul 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2012.2187410

W. Fuscaldo, D. R. Jackson, and A. Galli, Analysis of the Radiating Properties of Endfire 1-D Leaky-Wave Antennas, in 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2017, pp. 281–282.
https://doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2017.8072183

D. R. Jackson, P. Baccarelli, P. Burghignoli, A. Galli, and G. Lovat, Development of leaky-wave antennas, 2016 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, APSURSI 2016- Proceedings, no. January 2018, pp. 687–688, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2016.7696052

W. Fuscaldo, Advanced radiating systems based on leaky waves and nondiffracting waves, Ph.D. dissertation, Universite Rennes, 2017.

A. A. Oliner, Leaky-Wave Antennas, in Antenna Engineering Handbook, 3rd ed., R. C. Johnson, Ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc, 2007, ch. 10, pp. 1–58.

C. A. Balanis, Modern Antenna Handbook. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2008.

C. Balanis, Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design, 2nd ed., C. A. Balanis, Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1997.

T. Zhao, D. R. Jackson, J. T. Williams, and A. A. Oliner, General formulas for 2-D leaky-wave antennas, in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2003, pp. 1134–1137.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.856315

T. Z. T. Zhao, D. Jackson, J. Williams, H.-Y. Yang, and A. Oliner, 2-D Periodic Leaky-Wave Antennas-Part I: Metal Patch Design, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 3505–3514, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.858579

T. Zhao, D. R. Jackson, and J. T. Williams, 2-D Periodic Leaky-Wave Antennas — Part II: Slot Design, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 3515–3524, 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.858580

M. Farooq, M. U. Khan, and H. M. Cheema, An SIW based Leaky-Wave Antenna for 5 GHz Narrowbeam Applications, in 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2017, pp. 839–840.
https://doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2017.8072462

T. R. Cameron and G. V. Eleftheriades, Design Considerations for Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antennas, in 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2016, pp. 1–4.
https://doi.org/10.1109/eucap.2016.7481593

M. A. Shokry, A. M. Allam, and R. M. Shubair, Design of a Periodic Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna, in 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, 2017, pp. 835–836.
https://doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2017.8072460

M. A. Shokry and A. M. Allam, Design of UniformSIW Leaky Wave Antenna With and Without Supported Ground, in 2016 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), no. 1, 2016, pp. 1–5.
https://doi.org/10.1109/lapc.2016.7807473

J. Machac, SIW Leaky-Wave Antennas, in Proceedings of the 44th European Microwave Conference SIW. Rome: IEEE, 2014, pp. 448-451.
https://doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2014.6986467

N. Javanbakht, M. S. Majedi, and A. R. Attari, Thinned Array Inspired Quasi-Uniform Leaky-Wave Antenna With Low Side-Lobe Level, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 16, pp. 2992–2995, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2017.2756990

N. Kumar, R. Agrawal, and S. C. Gupta, Step by step designing of Composite right left handed leaky wave antenna on Substrate integrated waveguide using S Slots, in International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2016), 2016, pp. 1414–1417.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ccaa.2016.7813941

Q. Zhang, A. Kandwal, Y. Chen, and C. Caloz, Zigzag Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna Mimicking Wave Propagation in Metallic Waveguides, in 2017 XXXII General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS), 2017, pp. 1–4.
https://doi.org/10.23919/ursigass.2017.8105163

P. Persson, Analysis And Design of Conformal Array Antennas, Ph.D. dissertation, Royal Institute of Technology, 2001. [Online]. Available at:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6d80/7613ba2ce918d4718b401d35061d4c952682.pdf

W. N. Huang, Y. J. Cheng, and H. Deng, “Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna Conforming to Conical Shape Surface,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2015, Article ID 359670, 7 pages, 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/359670

A. J. Martinez-Ros, J. L. Gómez-Tornero, and 17 G. Goussetis, Conformal tapered substrate integrated waveguide leaky-wave antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 5983–5991, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2360699

D. Deslandes and Ke Wu, Accurate modeling, wave mechanisms, and design considerations of a substrate integrated waveguide, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2516–2526, Jun 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2006.875807

O. Losito, Design of Conformal Tapered Leaky Wave Antenna, PIERS Online, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 1316–1320, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.2529/piers070403144715

J. H. Wang and K. K. Mei, Theory and Analysis of Leaky Coaxial Cables With Periodic Slots, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 1723–1732, 2001.
https://doi.org/10.1109/8.982452

J. H. Wang and M. Kataoka, Design and calculation of the directional leaky coaxial cables, Radio Science vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 551–558, 2001.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000rs002344

A. M. Attiya, B7. Leaky-wave coaxial antenna, in National Radio Science Conference, NRSC, Proceedings, vol. 2013-Janua, no. January, 2013, pp. 62–67.
https://doi.org/10.1109/nrsc.2013.6587916

A. Radwan, Z. Siddiqui, M. Sonkki, M. Tuhkala, and S. Myllymaki, Leaky Coaxial Cable with Continuous Scanning Directive Beam, in 2017 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS), 2017, pp. 3622–3624.
https://doi.org/10.1109/piers.2017.8262386

G. Addamo, R. Orta, R. Tascone, G. Virone, and O. Peverini, Design of uniformly radiating slotted coaxial cables, in 2007 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, 2007, pp. 484–487.
https://doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2007.4387342

K.-m. Mak, K.-k. So, H.-W. Lai, and K.-M. Luk, A Magnetoelectric Dipole Leaky-Wave Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Application, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 6395–6402, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2017.2722868

S. Rozenberg and A. Yahalom, A THz Slot Antenna Optimization Using Analytical Techniques, Radioengineering, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2016.

P. Wade, Slot Antennas, in W1GHZ Microwave Antenna Book, 2001, ch. 7. [Online].
Available at : http://www.w1ghz.org/antbook/ch7{_}part1.pdf

H. Booker, Slot aerials and their relation to complementary wire aerials (Babinet’s principle), Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers - Part IIIA: Radiolocation, vol. 93, no. 4, pp. 620–626, 1946. [Online]. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1049/ji-3a-1.1946.0150

T. Senior, Some extensions of Babinet’s principle in electromagnetic theory, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 417– 420, May 1977.
https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.1977.1141613

C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory: analysis and design, 4th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016.

Z. M. Tan and K. T. Mcdonald, Babinet’s Principle for Electromagnetic Fields, Princeton University, New Jersey, Tech. Rep., 2016.

Latrach, L., Rihem, N., Hanen, H., Gharsallah, A., Parametric and Comparative Studies of Leaky Wave Image NRDG Antenna Designed with the Ordinary Single-Layer and the Double-Layers Rectangular Image NRD Guide, (2016) International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP), 6 (2), pp. 108-110.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v6i2.8325


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize