Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

A Method of Increasing Specific Energy of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Systems for Aerospace Applications


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v15i3.19273

Abstract


One of the main problems in creating Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Systems is mechanical loads. This article shows that there is an effective way to solve this problem. For this, an SMES system in the form of a single superconducting loop located in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force of an external magnetic field is considered. The direction of circulation of the electric current is chosen so that the magnetic induction vectors of the superconducting loop and the external magnetic field have the opposite directions. From the side of the external magnetic field, a compressive force will act on the superconducting loop. Under certain conditions, the tensile force and the compressive force balance each other. It is shown that the elimination of mechanical loads allows increasing the energy density to ~ 237 MJ/kg. The energy storage in a superconducting loop (levitating above Earth’s magnetic pole) and its use for deliver cargos to outer space is considered.
Copyright © 2022 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


SMES; Flight; Space; Spacecraft; Superconducting; Graphene; Magnetic; Pole

Full Text:

PDF


References


Insights On Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Systems Market Report 2020-2026 Global And Regional Perspective, Market Share, Revenue, Sales Channel, Production And Consumption Analysis, 3. 03. 2020.
https://menafn.com/1099793559/Insights-On-Superconducting-Magnetic-Energy-Storage-SMES-Systems-Market-Report-2020-2026-Global-And-Regional-Perspective-Market-Share-Revenue-Sales-Channel-Production-And-Consumption-Analysis

Jérémie CICERON, High energy density Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage with second generation high temperature superconductors, 2019.
https://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT012.pdf

Venkata Suresh Vulusala G, Sreedhar Madichetty, Application of superconducting magnetic energy storage in electrical power and energy systems: a review, International Journal of Energy Research, First published 16 May 2017, Volume 42, Issue 2.
https://doi.org/10.1002/er.3773

P. Tixador, N. T. Nguyen, J. M. Rey, T. Lecrevisse, V. Reinbold, C. Trophime, X. Chaud, F. Debray, and others, SMES Optimization for High Energy Densities, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, June 2012, 22(3):5700704-5700704.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2011.2175870

Yu-Guo Guo, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials for Batteries: Principles and Applications, Springer, 2019, ISBN 978-981-13-6233-0.
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789811362323#aboutBook

Limam, L., Hatanaka, K., Gonzalez-Llorente, J., Chihiro, M., Chikashi, T., Okuyama, K., Space Environment Evaluation Test of Solid-State-Ceramic Battery Advanced Energy Storage Under Vacuum and Thermal Vacuum, (2020) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 13 (2), pp. 68-79.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v13i2.18582

Yuyao Huang, Yi Ru, Yilan Shen and Zhirui Zeng, Characteristics and Applications of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, November 2021, Journal of Physics Conference Series 2108(1):012038.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012038

Mukherjee, Poulomi, Rao, V. V., Design and development of high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage for power applications - A review, Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, Volume 563, pp. 67-73, August 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2019.05.001

John D. Rogers, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Program January 1-December 31, 1981, LA-9208-PR, Progress Report, UC-20b and UC-94b, Issued: February 1982.
https://doi.org/10.2172/5370179

Assessment of Micro-Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Utility in Railroad Applications, Federal Railroad Admlnstration (A Report to Congress), July 1997.
https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/fra_net/15366/Assessment_SMES.pdf

Paul Breeze, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, Power System Energy Storage Technologies, 2018, pp. 47-52.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812902-9.00005-5

Dao T-M-P., Wang Y., Nguyen N-K., Novel Hybrid Load-Frequency Controller Applying Artificial Intelligence Techniques Integrated with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Devices for an Interconnected Electric Power Grid. Arab J Sci Eng 41, 3309-3320 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1850-3

Elsisi, M., Soliman, M., Aboelela, M. A. S., and Mansour, W. (2017). Optimal Design of Model Predictive Control with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for Load Frequency Control of Nonlinear Hydrothermal Power System Using Bat Inspired Algorithm. J. Energ. Storage 12, 311-318.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.05.009

Mukherjee, Poulomi, Rao, V. V., Design and test of a new two-stage control scheme for SMES-battery hybrid energy storage systems for microgrid applications, Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, Volume 563, pp. 67-73, August 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2019.05.001

Colmenar-Santos A., Molina-Ibáñez E-L., Rosales-Asensio E., López-Rey Á., Technical approach for the inclusion of superconducting magnetic energy storage in a smart city, Energy, 158 (2018), pp. 1080-1091.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.109

Yunus, A., Saini, M., Djalal, M., Abu-Siada, A., Masoum, M., Impact of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Unit on Doubly Fed Induction Generator Performance During Various Levels of Grid Faults, (2019) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 14 (4), pp. 246-255.
https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v14i4.16472

Abhinav Kumar, J. V. Muruga, Lal Jeyan, Ashish Agarwal, Electromagnetic Analysis on 2.5MJ High Temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Coil to be used in Uninterruptible Power Applications, Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 21, Part 4, 2020, pp. 1755-1762.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.228

Pascal Tixador, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage: Status and Perspective, IEEE/CSC & ESAS EUROPEAN SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM, № 3, January 2008.
https://snf.ieeecsc.org/sites/ieeecsc.org/files/CR5_Final3_012008.pdf

Wang, Z., Zou, Z., & Zheng, Y., Design and Control of a Photovoltaic Energy and SMES Hybrid System With Current-Source Grid Inverter, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Volume: 23, Issue: 3, June 2013, 5701505.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2250172

Jinhong Liu, Ming Yang, Tao Wang, Impedance-Based Stability Analysis of Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System With Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Volume: 31, Issue: 8, Nov. 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3101778

J. X. Jin, J. Wang, R. H. Yang, T. L. Zhang, S. Mu, Y. J. Fan, Y. Q. Xing, A superconducting magnetic energy storage with dual functions of active filtering and power fluctuation suppression for photovoltaic microgrid, Journal of Energy Storage, 38 (2021) 102508.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102508

P. H. A. Barraa, W. C. de Carvalho, T. S. Menezes, R. A. S. Fernandes, D.V. Coury, A review on wind power smoothing using high-power energy storage systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 137, March 2021, 110455.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110455

Hany M. Hasanien, Rania A. Turky, Marcos Tostado-Véliz, S. M. Muyeen, FranciscoJurado, Enhanced block-sparse adaptive Bayesian algorithm based control strategy of superconducting magnetic energy storage units for wind farms power ripple minimization, Journal of Energy Storage, Volume 50, June 2022, 104208.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104208

Salama, H. S., Aly, M. M., Abdel-Akher, M., & Vokony, I. (2019). Frequency and voltage control of microgrid with high WECS penetration during wind gusts using superconducting magnetic energy storage. Electrical Engineering, 101(3), 771-786.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-019-00821-w

Kenneth E. Okedu and F. A. Barghash, Enhanced Dynamic Behaviour of Grid Connected Wind Farms in Load Participation and Frequency Regulation, Front. Energy Res., 17 March 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2020.606019

Pablo Fernández-Bustamante, Oscar Barambones, Isidro Calvo, Cristian Napole, Mohamed Derbeli, Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review, Energies, vol. 14, pp. 66-89, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206689

E. A. Mohamed, Y. Mitani, Load frequency control enhancement of islanded micro-grid considering high wind power penetration using superconducting magnetic energy storage and optimal controller, Wind Engineering, 43(6), 2019, pp. 609-624.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X18824533

Mohamed Hashem, Mazen Abdel-Salam, Mohamed Th. El-Mohandes, Mohamed Nayeld, Mohamed Ebeede, Optimal Placement and Sizing of Wind Turbine Generators and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storages in a Distribution System, March 2019, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 29(2):5700105.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2889639

Wang X., Yang J., Chen L., He J., Application of Liquid Hydrogen with SMES for Efficient Use of Renewable Energy in the Energy Internet, Energies, 2017, 10(2), 185.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en10020185

Syeda Shafia Zehra, Aqeel Ur Rahman, Iftikhar Ahmad, Fuzzy-barrier sliding mode control of electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system in DC microgrid: Modelling, management and experimental investigation, Energy, Volume 239, Part D, 15 January 2022, 122260.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122260

Salama, H. S., Aly, M. M., & Vokony, I. (2019). Voltage/frequency control of isolated unbalanced radial distribution system fed from intermittent wind/PV power using fuzzy logic controlled-SMES. In Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Innovative Trends in Computer Engineering, ITCE 2019, pp. 414-419.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ITCE.2019.8646469

Jonglak Pahasa, Issarachai Ngamroo, Two-Stage Optimization based on SOC Control of SMES Installed in Hybrid Wind/PV System for Stabilizing Voltage and Power Fluctuations, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (Volume: 31, Issue: 8, Nov. 2021).
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3089119

Zahid Afzal Thoker, Shameem Ahmad Lone, Dynamic performance improvement of wind-diesel power system through robust sliding mode control of hybrid energy storage system, Wind Engineering, First Published January 16, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X211066787

Mubashar Yaqoob Zarga, Mairaj-Ud Din Mufti, Shameem Ahmad Lone, Dynamic performance improvement of isolated power system using intelligently controlled SMES, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, November 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12029

Thoker ZA, Lone SA. Voltage and frequency control of wind-diesel power system through adaptive sliding mode control of superconducting magnetic energy storage. Wind Engineering. 2021;45(5):1057-1071.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X20949526

Aaqib Ali Abass, Mairaj Ud-Din Mufti, SimPower-based analysis and design of a hybrid wind-diesel-superconducting magnetic energy storage system for simultaneous frequency and voltage control, Wind Engineering, vol. 43, 6: pp. 596-608, First Published January 9, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309524X18822265

Sandeep Bhongade, Optimized Hybrid Power System Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System: Hybrid Power System Using SMES, Novel Advancements in Electrical Power Planning and Performance (pp. 28-77) Publisher: IGI Global (Disseminator of Knowledge Since 1988) Publisher of Peer-Reviewed, Timely, and Innovative Research Content, August 2019.
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8551-0.ch002

Jian Feng, Jian Gang Cao, Zhi Hao Wu, Study on the Application and Control Strategy of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System in EMU, March 2019, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 29(2):5700105.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2889639

Deshi Kong, Masafumi Miyatake, Energy Management of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Applied to Urban Rail Transit for Regenerative Energy Recovery, 2020 23rd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2020.
https://doi.org/10.23919/ICEMS50442.2020.9290891

Muhammad Umair Mutarraf, Yacine Terriche, Kamran Ali Khan Niazi, Juan C. Vasquez and Josep M. Guerrero, Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids - A Review, Energies 2018, 11, 3492.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123492

Ivanova, Tatiana, Vadim Malarev and Boris Abramovich, Using Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage In The Electric Networks Of A Ship Complex, Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Morskogo I Rechnogo Flota Imeni Admirala S.O. Makarova 2(60) (2020): 402-415.
https://doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2020-12-2-402-415

Khaled Itani, Alexandre De Bernardinis, Zoubir Khatir, Ahmad Jammal, Mohamad Oueidat, Regenerative Braking Modeling, Control, and Simulation of a Hybrid Energy Storage System for an Electric Vehicle in Extreme Conditions, IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, Volume: 2, Issue: 4, Dec. 2016, pp. 465-479.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2016.2608763

Song Z., Li J., Hou J., Hofmann H., Ouyang M., Du J., The battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicle applications: A case study, Energy, 154 (2018), pp. 433-441.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.148

Enrique-Luis Molina-Ibáñez, Enrique Rosales-Asensio, Clara Pérez-Molina, Francisco Mur Pérez, Antonio Colmenar-Santos, Analysis on the electric vehicle with a hybrid storage system and the use of Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), Energy Reports, Volume 7, Supplement 5, November 2021, pp. 854-873.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.055

Yang B., Zhu T., Zhang X., Wang J., Shu H., Li S., et al., Design and implementation of battery/SMES hybrid energy storage systems used in electric vehicles: A nonlinear robust fractional-order control approach, Energy, 191 (2020), Article 116510.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116510

Qiang Sun, Haiying Lv, Shasha Wang, Shuang Gao, Kexin Wei, Optimized State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery in SMES/Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1-6, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3091119

Ruan J., Walker PD., Zhang N., Wu J., An investigation of hybrid energy storage system in multi-speed electric vehicle, Energy, 140 (2017), pp. 291-306.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.119

Salama, H., Said, S., Vokony, I., Hartmann, B., Power System Improvement of Different Coordinated Electric Vehicles Integration Approaches with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage, (2019) International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE), 14 (6), pp. 407-419.
https://doi.org/10.15866/iree.v14i6.17315

Salama, H. S., & Vokony, I. (2020). Comparison of different electric vehicle integration approaches in presence of photovoltaic and superconducting magnetic energy storage systems, Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 121099.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121099

Salama, H. S., et al., Studying Impacts of Electric Vehicle Functionalities in Wind Energy-Powered Utility Grids With Energy Storage Device, IEEE Access (Volume: 9), March 2021, pp. 45754-45769.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3066877

Jin Jian Xun, Chen Xiao Yuan, Wen Liang, Wang Shan Chuan, Xin Ying, Cryogenic power conversion for SMES application in a liquid hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicle, IEEE Trans Appl Supercond, 25 (2015), pp. 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2014.2357755

F. Ferreira da Silva, João Filipe Pereira Fernandes, P. J. Costa Branco, Barriers and Challenges Going from Conventional to Cryogenic Superconducting Propulsion for Hybrid and All-Electric Aircrafts, Energies, 20 October 2021, 14(21):6861.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216861

Alafnan H., et al., Application of SMES-FCL in Electric Aircraft for Stability Improvement, in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1-6, Aug. 2019, Art no. 5000906.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2019.2905950

Bizon N., Hybrid power sources (HPSs) for space applications: Analysis of PEMFC/Battery/SMES HPS under unknown load containing pulses, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 105 (2019), pp. 14-37.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.044

Jakub Glowacki, Max Goddard-Winchester, Rodney Badcock and Nicholas Long, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for a Pulsed Plasma Thruster, AIAA 2020-3635.
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3635

Evans, M. E., Ignatiev, A., Lunar Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (LSMES), 2018 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Conference, December 2018.
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20472.08968

Oliver Liebfried, Review of Inductive Pulsed Power Generators for Railguns, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume: 45, Issue: 7, July 2017, pp. 1108-1114.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2017.2686648

Arnaud Badel, Pascal Tixador; Michel Amiet; Volker Brommer, SMES to Supply an Electromagnetic Launcher, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Volume: 22, Issue: 3, June 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2011.2174549

Jérémie Ciceron, Arnaud Badel, Pascal Tixador, Adel Razek, Superconducting magnetic energy storage and superconducting self-supplied electromagnetic launcher, The European Physical Journal Applied Physics, vol. 80, pp. 20901, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2017160452

Johan Gallant, Eline Vanderbeke, Farid Alouahab,; Markus Schneider, Design Considerations for an Electromagnetic Railgun to be Used Against Antiship Missiles, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Volume: 41, Issue: 10, Oct. 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2013.2278779

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) Systems - Global Market Trajectory & Analytics, Report, April 2021, Global Industry Analysts, Inc.
https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2692233/superconducting_magnetic_energy_storage_smes

Mukherjee P., Rao V. V., Design and development of high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage for power applications - A review, Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications, 563 (2019), pp. 67-73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2019.05.001

Podvysotsky, V., Superconductors Applied in Electrodynamic Engine, (2018) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 11 (3), pp. 120-126.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v11i3.14601

Podvysotsky, V., New Reactive Space Engine, (2019) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 12 (4), pp. 171-179.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v12i4.16125

Podvysotsky, V., Space Arch, (2019) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 12 (5), pp. 231-238.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v12i5.16944

A. Chulliat, S. Macmillan, P. Alken, C. Beggan, M. Nair, B. Hamilton, A. Woods, V. Ridley, S. Maus and A. Thomson, 2015, The US/UK World Magnetic Model for 2015-2020: Technical Report, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA.
https://doi.org/10.7289/V5TB14V7

International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), 2022.
https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/IAGA/vmod/igrf.html

Alken, P., Thébault, E., Beggan, C. D. et al., International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the thirteenth generation. Earth Planets Space 73, 49 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01281-4

Magnetic North, Geomagnetic and Magnetic Poles, World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto, 2021.
http://wdc.kugi.kyoto-u.ac.jp/poles/polesexp.html

L. V. Belevtsov, A. A. Kostikov, Critical current of textured granular superconductors in the region of strong magnetic fields, Solid State Physics, 49 (2007), 1010.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783407060066

Technical Guide Reflectance Materials and Coatings, Labsphere, 2020.
http://www.labsphere.com.cn/uploads/technical-guides/a-guide-to-reflectance-materials-and-coatings.pdf

Safety Data Sheet Vantablack S-VIS and S-IR, Surrey NanoSystems, 27 February 2018.
https://www.surreynanosystems.com/assets/media/70-07-00001-safety-data-sheet-s-vis-s-ir-approved-a.pdf

C. Lee, X. Wei, J. W. Kysar, J. Hone, Measurement of the Elastic Properties and Intrinsic Strength of Monolayer Graphene, Science, 321 (2008), 385-388.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize