Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Fire Risk Assessment of Composite Materials in Aviation by Hazard Levels Characterized in Standard EN 45545


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v13i5.17697

Abstract


Nowadays, composite materials are often used as construction materials  not only in the aviation industry. In general, composite materials mean  technical material. Although, they are  heterogeneous in their  structure, they are  understood to be homogeneous. Composites are formed by a composition of at least two chemically and physically different materials. This  article deals with fire resistance of composite materials, regularly  used in aviation industry. The flammability tests were performed as a part of the project "Simulation of Intervention in Air Accidents," where several materials used in aircraft constructions and interiors were tested. The fire resistance of composite materials is evaluated in the article based on the Maximum Average Rate of Heat Emission (kW/m2). The investigated samples are both of core and core-free sandwich structures. The flammability test was performed on both sides of the sample (smooth and rough). The fire resistance test  was performed on the basis of EN 45545.
Copyright © 2020 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Aircraft Construction; Composite; Cone Calorimeter; MARHE

Full Text:

PDF


References


A.R. Horrocks, Flame resistant textiles for transport applications. Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles, p. 603-622, (2013).
https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857098931.4.603

V. Vlasova, Using composite materials in aircraft, AIP Conference Proceedings, 28 January 2019-1 February 2019, Vol. 2171, Code 154643.

B. Rusu, S. Blindu, A. Micu, V. Soare, Guidelines for aircraft composite panels, INCAS Bulletin, Vol. 12, Issue 1, p. 217-228, (2020).
https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.1.21

V. Papadogianni, et al., Cone Calorimeter and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Glass Phenolic Composites Used in Aircraft Applications, Fire technology, Vol.56, Issue: 3, p.1253-1285, (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-019-00928-3

M. Schrotter, R. Breda, R. Andoga, L. Fozo, M. Schreiner, Basic Thermal Field Analysis of a Small Turbo-Jet Engine. NTAD 2018 - 13th International Scientific Conference - New Trends in Aviation Development, 28 November 2018, Article number 8551643, p. 105-113, ISBN: 978-153867918-0.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ntad.2018.8551643

A. Tobisová et al., The Simulation of Fire and Rescue Services Operations by Airplane Accidents, NTAD 2018 - 13th International Scientific Conference - New Trends in Aviation Development, 28 November 2018, Article number 8551636, Pages 8-12, ISBN: 978-153867918-0.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ntad.2018.8551636

R. G. Hill, Improving transport aircraft fire safety through R&D, 1st International Conference on Disaster Management and Human Health-Reducing Risk, Improving Outcomes, SEP 23-25, 2009, New Forest, ENGLAND, vol. 110, pp. 171 – 179.
https://doi.org/10.2495/dman090171

R. E. Lyon, Fire-resistant materials: Research overview, [online] DOT/FAA/AR-97/99, Federal Aviation Administration, (1997).
https://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/pdf/ar97-99.pdf

A. Hörold, B. Schartel, V. Trappe, M. Korzen, J. Bünker, Fire stability of glass-fibre sandwich panels: The influence of core materials and flame retardants, Composite Structures, Vol. 62, p. 1310-1318 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.027

F. Samyn, O. Murariu, L. Bonnaud, S. Duquesne, Preparation and flame retardancy of flax fabric/polybenzoxazine laminates, Fire and Materials, (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2839

G. La Delfa, JW. Luinge, AG. Gibson, Integrity of composite aircraft fuselage materials under crash fire conditions, Plastic Rubber and Composites, Vol. 38, Issue 2-4, p. 111-117 (2009).
https://doi.org/10.1179/174328909x387900

A. Janakiraman, R. Velmurugan, R. Jayaganthan, G. Rajasingh, Analytical prediction of thermal stresses in composite shells, Journal of Physics: Conference Series - 6th International Conference on Topical Problems of Continuum Mechanics; Dilijan; Armenia; 1 October 2019 through 6 October 2019, Vol. 1474, Issue 1, Article number 012018, Code 159001 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1474/1/012018

J. Bartlett, C. Stratford, Fire resistance certification of aircraft composite materials, Practical Failure Analysis, 1:37 (2001).
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02715378

A.A. Johnston, R. Cole, A. Jodoin, J.W. Maclaurin, G. Hadjisophocleous, Evaluation of fire performance of composite materials for aerospace structural applications, ICCM-12 International Committee on Composite Materials, [online] Paper number 609 (1999).
https://www.iccm-central.org/Proceedings/ICCM12proceedings/site/papers/pap609.pdf

I. Vajdová, et al. Environmental Impact of Burning Composite Materials Used in Aircraft Construction on the Air, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 16, Issue: 20, Article Number: 4008 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204008

G. Gudivada, B. Kandasubramanian, Polymer-phyllosilicate nanocomposites for high-temperature structural application, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials, Vol. 59, Issue: 6, p. 573-591, (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1080/25740881.2019.1669654

B. Mahoney, J. Marshall, T. Black, D. Moxley, Lightweight Carbon Composite Chassis for Engine Start Lithium Batteries, Sae International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing, Vol. 11, Issue: 1, p. 23-28, (2018).
https://doi.org/10.4271/05-11-01-0003

X. Zhou, et al., Construction of hierarchical MoS2@TiO2 structure for the high performance bimaleimide system with excellent fire safety and mechanical properties, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 369, p. 451-462, (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.181

Bheekhun, N., Abu Talib, A., Hassan, M., Thermal Spray Coatings for Polymer Matrix Composites in Gas Turbine Engines: A Literary Preview, (2014) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 7 (3), pp. 84-87.

Anwar, A., Osman, M., Elfiky, D., Hassan, G., Performance Evaluation of Selected Irradiated Space Structure Composites Manufactured by the Hand Lay-Up Method, (2018) International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE), 11 (4), pp. 155-161.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v11i4.13726

Hnaníček, M., Choice of material and its verification for transport applications. Diploma Thesis. University of Tomas Bata in Zlín, 2016.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents. Appendix A: Hazardous Materials Classification System. [Online].
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mhmi-v2-a.pdf

EN 45545 – 1 Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 1: General.

EN 45545 – 2 Railway applications - Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 2: Requirements for fire behaviour of materials and components.
https://doi.org/10.3403/30216688

ISO 5660-1 Reaction to fire tests; Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate; Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) and smoke production rate (dynamic measurement).
https://doi.org/10.3403/30255889u

Houston, S., Advantages and Disadvantages of Composite Materials on Airplanes, [online] 2016.
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/composite-materials-aircraft-structure-282777

M. Hovanec et al., Non Destructive Testing: In the case of aircraft wheel overhaul, 22nd International Scientific on Conference Transport Means 2018, Lithuania, Volume 2018-October, 2018, Pages 1467-1472, ISSN: 1822296X


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.



Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize