Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Numerical Simulation of Harmonic Pitching Supercritical Airfoils Equipped with Movable Gurney Flaps


(*) Corresponding author


Authors' affiliations


DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v12i3.16723

Abstract


A two-dimensional numerical investigation was performed to determine the effect of an active Gurney flap on an oscillating supercritical RAE 2822 airfoil in transonic flow. The Navier-Stokes code Fluent was used to calculate the flow field around the airfoil using the Shear Stress Transport turbulence model. Dynamic simulations were based on a moving C-grid, whose harmonic pitching motion was managed using a compiled User Defined Function. Both effects of height and chordwise positioning were considered in this study. The heights of Gurney flaps ranged from 1% to 3% of airfoil chord lengths, while position ranged from the trailing edge to 10% upstream from the trailing edge. In comparison with the Baseline airfoil, the effect of the deployable Gurney flap is to enhance significantly the maximum lift and pitching-moment coefficients; however, an increment in the drag coefficient is also registered. The results indicate that the Gurney flap provides best performance close to the stall angle of attack.
Copyright © 2019 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords


Active Gurney Flap; Dynamic Stall; Numerical Simulation; Pitching Supercritical Airfoil

Full Text:

PDF


References


R. H. Liebeck, Design of subsonic airfoils for high lift, Journal of Aircraft Vol.15 No. 9 (1978), 47-561.
https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58406

D. H. Neuhart, O. C. Pendergraft, A water tunnel study of Gurney flaps, NASA TM 4071, 1988.

W. G. Sewell, R. J. McGhee, J. C. Ferris, Wind tunnel test results of airfoil modifications for the EA-6B, AIAA Paper 87-2359 (1987).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2359

Neung-Soo Yoo, Effect of the Gurney flap on a NACA 23012 airfoil, KSME International Journal, Vol. 14 No. 9 (2000), 1013-1019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03185804

M. K. Singh, K. Dhanalakshmi, S. K. Chakrabartty, Navier-Stokes analysis of airfoil with Gurney flap, Journal of Aircraft Vol. 44 No. 5 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2514/1.27285

X. He, J. Wang, M. Yang, D. Ma, C. Yan, P. Liu, Numerical simulation of Gurney flap on SFYT15 thick airfoil, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 6 (2016), 286-292.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taml.2016.09.002

M. Khoshlessan, S.M.H. Karimian, Detailed numerical study on the aerodynamic behavior of a Gurney flapped airfoil in the ultra-low Reynolds regime, Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v9i2.631

M. G. Meena, K. Taira, K. Asai, Airfoil wake modification with Gurney flap at low-Reynolds number, AIAA Journal, Vol. 56 No. 4 (2018), 1348-1359.
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j056260

J. J. Wang, Y. C. Li, K. S. Choi, Gurney flap – Lift enhancement, mechanisms and applications, Progress in Aerospace Sciences 44 (2008), 22-47.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2007.10.001

B. A. S. Rezaei, S. M. J. Sobhani, A. Nejat, Aerodynamic loads alteration by Gurney flap on supercritical airfoils at transonic speeds, 2018.
https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.06975

B. Zhu, Y. Huang, Y. Zhang, Energy harvesting properties of a flapping wing with an adaptive Gurney flap, Energy 152 (2018), 119-128.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.142

M. T. Bouzaher, N. Drias, B. Guerira, Improvement of energy extraction efficiency for flapping airfoils by using oscillating Gurney flaps, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Vol. 44 (2019), 809-819.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3270-7

I. Aramendia, A. Saenz-Aguirre, U. Fernandez-Gamiz, E. Zulueta, J.M. Lopez-Guede, A. Boyano, J. Sancho, Gurney flap implementation on a DU91W250 airfoil, The 2nd International Research Conference on Sustainable Energy, Engineering, Materials and Environment, Volume 2 IRCSEEME (2018).
https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2231448

X. Bofeng, F. Junheng, L. Qing, X. Chang, Z. Zhenzhou, Y. Yue, Aerodynamic performance analysis of a trailing-edge flap for wind turbines, Journal of Physics, Conference series 1037 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1037/2/022020

Official Journal of the European Union, Council Regulation No. 558/2014 establishing the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking (2014).

European Commission, Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking – Development Plan (2017).

M. P. Kinzel, M. D. Maughmer, E. P. N. Duque, Numerical investigation on the aerodynamics of oscillating airfoils with deployable Gurney flaps, AIAA Journal Vol.48 No.7 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j050070

M. S. Chandrasekhara, P. B. Martin, C. Tung, Compressible dynamic stall performance of a variable droop leading edge airfoil with a Gurney flap, 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit (2004).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-41

G. Guzel, L.N. Sankar, M. Rhee, Computational investigation of the effects of Gurney flap on the aerodynamic performance of VR-12 airfoil, 23rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference (2005).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4960

M. P. Kinzel, M. D. Maughmer, G.A. Lesieutre, Miniature trailing-edge effectors for rotorcraft performance enhancement, Journal of the American Helicopter Society (2007).
https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.52.146

B. Y. Min, L. N. Sankar, N. Rajmohan, J. V. R. Prasad, Computational investigation of the effects of Gurney flap on the forward flight characteristics of helicopter rotors, 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference (2008).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6726

J. Palacios, M. Kinzel, A. Overmeyer, Active Gurney flaps: their application in a rotor blade centrifugal field, Journal of Aircraft Vol. 51 No. 2 (2014), 473-489.
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032082

G. Diodati, M. Ciminello, A. Concilio, Piezoelectric and electromagnetic solutions aimed at realizing an active Gurney flap, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24(8) (2012), 924-935.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12457834

C. Dong, D. Han. L. Yu, Performance analysis of variable speed tail rotors with Gurney flaps, Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 31(11) (2018), 2104-2110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2018.07.012

D. Han, C. Dong, G.N. Barakos, Performance improvement of variable speed rotors by Gurney flaps, Aerospace Science and Technology 81 (2018), 118-127.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.07.044

Y. Li, J. Wang, P. Zhang, Effects of Gurney flaps on a NACA 0012 airfoil, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 68, Kluwer Academic Publisher (2002), 27-39.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015679408150

D. C. Eleni, T. I. Athanasios, M. P. Dionissios, Evaluation of the turbulence models for the simulation of the flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research Vol. 4(3) (2012), 100-111.
https://doi.org/10.5897/jmer11.074

P. H. Cook, M. A. McDonald, M. C. P. Firmin, Airfoil RAE-2822 pressure distribution and boundary layer and wake measurements, AGARD Advisory Rept. 138 (1979).

T. Yu, J.J. Wang, P.F. Zhang, Numerical simulation of Gurney flap on RAE-2822 supercritical airfoil, Journal of Aircraft Vol. 48 No. 5 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031285

T.J. Coakley, Numerical simulation of viscous transonic airfoil flows, 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA Paper 1987-0416 (1987).
https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-416

T. C. Corke, F. O. Thomas, Dynamic stall in pitching airfoils: aerodynamic damping and compressibility effects, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics Vol. 47 (2015), 479-505.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010814-013632

J. A. Ekaterinaris, M.F. Platzer, Computational prediction of airfoil dynamic stall, Progress in Aerospace Sciences Vol. 33 (1998), 759-846.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-0421(97)00012-2

P. Gerontakos, An experimental investigation of flow over an oscillating airfoil, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 2004.

K. Lu, Y.H. Xie, D. Zhang, J.B. Lan, Numerical investigations into the asymmetric effects on the aerodynamic response of a pitching airfoil, Journal of Fluids and Structures 39 (2013), 76-86.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.02.001

K. Gharali, D.A. Johnson, Dynamic stall simulation of a pitching airfoil under unsteady freestream velocity, Journal of Fluids and Structures 42 (2013), 228-244.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2013.05.005

R. Tognaccini, Lessons of rotorcraft aerodynamics, Aerospace Engineering Department, Federico II University of Naples, 2001.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize