The Strain Energy Dissipation Behavior of Concrete Tension by Composite Action
(*) Corresponding author
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irea.v11i4.23767
Abstract
The concrete tensile deformation energy dissipation is of major interest for reinforced concrete uncracked section design. Extensive research, numerical and experimental, is dedicated on the concrete tension stiffening and its cracking behavior, but limited studies center on the deformation energy dissipation. A steel bar embedded in a cylindrical concrete specimen has been subjected to an axial tensile load, and the load-displacement responses recorded. A variation in concrete compression strength ranging from 32 MPa to 47 MPa has been observed. The focus of this study has been to analyze and formulate the deformation energy dissipation behavior as a function of concrete compression strength and reinforcement ratio. The experimental data have showed that the relationship followed a nonlinear ascending path with a bifurcation point, after which the curve’s gradient has gradually declined. A 3D finite element model has been constructed and validated to the experimental data. The model has been developed to generate the influence of a broad range of reinforcement ratios. An equation for predicting the tensile deformation energy dissipation has been proposed based on experimental and numerical data. The equation is valid for reinforcement ratios ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 and a compression strength of 47 MPa. The equation can be utilized for section optimization purposes.
Copyright © 2023 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
S. Pirayeh Gar, M. Head, and S. Hurlebaus, Tension Stiffening in Prestressed Concrete Beams Using Moment-Curvature Relationship, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 138 n. 8, 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000534
J. Dong Lee, The effect of tension stiffening in moment-curvature responses of prestressed concrete members, Engineering Structures, vol. 257, April 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114043
G. Kaklauskas and V. Gribniak, Eliminating Shrinkage Effect from Moment Curvature and Tension Stiffening Relationships of Reinforced Concrete Members, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 137 n. 12, 2011.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000395
G. Kaklauskas, V. Gribniak, D. Bacinskas, and P. Vainiunas, Shrinkage influence on tension stiffening in concrete members, Engineering Structures, vol. 31 n. 6, pp. 1305-1312, June 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.10.007
M. Baena, C. Barris, R. Perera, and L. Torres, Influence of Bond Characterization on Load-Mean Strain and Tension Stiffening Behavior of Concrete Elements Reinforced with Embedded FRP Reinforcement, Materials, vol. 15 n. 3, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030799
F. Ceroni, M. Pecce, and S. Matthys, Tension Stiffening of Reinforced Concrete Ties Strengthened with Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets, Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 8, n. 1, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2004)8:1(22)
Y.-G. Zhang, M.-W. Lu, and K.-C. Hwang, Finite element modeling of reinforced concrete structures, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, vol. 18 n. 1-3, pp. 51-58, December 1994.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-874X(94)90089-2
V. Gribniak, A. Rimkus, A. Pérez Caldentey, and A. Sokolov, Cracking of concrete prisms reinforced with multiple bars in tension-the cover effect, Engineering Structures, vol. 220, October 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110979
V. Gribniak, R. Jakubovskis, A. Rimkus, P. L. Ng, and D. Hui, Experimental and numerical analysis of strain gradient in tensile concrete prisms reinforced with multiple bars, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 187, pp. 572-583, October 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.152
P. H. Bischoff, Tension Stiffening and Cracking of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 15 n. 2, pp. 174-182, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:2(174)
M. P. Martins, C. S. Rangel, M. Amario, J. M. F. Lima, P. R. L. Lima, and R. D. Toledo Filho, Modelling of tension stiffening effect in reinforced recycled concrete, Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais, vol. 13 n. 6, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952020000600005
R. Nayal and H. A. Rasheed, Tension Stiffening Model for Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel and FRP Bars, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 18 n. 6, pp. 831-841, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:6(831)
Y. Sato and F. J. Vecchio, Tension Stiffening and Crack Formation in Reinforced Concrete Members with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 129 n. 6, pp. 717-724, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:6(717)
H. Q. Wu and R. I. Gilbert, An Experimental Study of Tension Stiffening in Reinforced Concrete Members under Short-term and Long-Term Loads, 2008. [Online].
S. Khalfallah and D. Guerdouh, Tension stiffening approach in concrete of tensioned members, International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, vol. 6, n. 1, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2008-6695-6-2
D. M. Moreno, W. Trono, G. Jen, C. Ostertag, and S. L. Billington, Tension stiffening in reinforced high performance fiber reinforced cement-based composites, Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 50, pp. 36-46, 2014.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.03.004
A. B. Sturm, P. Visintin, D. J. Oehlers, and R. Seracino, Time-Dependent Tension-Stiffening Mechanics of Fiber-Reinforced and Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol 144 n. 8, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002107
A. Murray, R. I. Gilbert, and A. Castel, A new approach to modeling tension stiffening in reinforced concrete, ACI Structural Journal, vol. 115, n. 1, pp. 127-137, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51700952
A. Aryanto and B. J. Winata, Tension stiffening behavior of polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete tension members, Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, vol. 53 n. 2, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2021.53.2.9
C. K. Choi and S. H. Cheung, Tension stiffening model for planar reinforced concrete members, Computers and Structures, vol. 59 n. 1, 1996.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00146-8
L. Torres, F. López-Almansa, and L. M. Bozzo, Tension-Stiffening Model for Cracked Flexural Concrete Members, Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 130 n. 8, 2004.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:8(1242)
M. S. Alam and A. Hussein, Idealized tension stiffening model for finite element analysis of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete members, Structures, vol. 24, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.01.033
S. C. Alih, A. Khelil, M. Vafaei, and N. H. F. A. Halim, Analytical tension stiffening model for concrete beam reinforced with inoxydable steel, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 12 n. 15, pp. 5280-5288, 2017.
I. Vilanova, L. Torres, M. Baena, and M. Llorens, Numerical simulation of bond-slip interface and tension stiffening in GFRP RC tensile elements, Composite Structures, vol. 153, pp. 504-513, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.048
P. L. Ng, J. A. O. Barros, G. Kaklauskas, and J. Y. K. Lam, Deformation analysis of fibre-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams by tension-stiffening approach, Composite Structures, vol. 234, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111664
H. Chen, W. J. Yi, and K. J. Zhou, Diagonal Tension Cracking Strength and Risk of RC Deep Beams, Buildings, vol. 12 n. 6, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060755
F. Nerilli and B. Ferracuti, A tension stiffening model for FRCM reinforcements calibrated by means of an extended database, Composite Structures, vol. 284, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.115100
G. Kaklauskas and V. Gribniak, Hybrid Tension Stiffening Approach for Decoupling Shrinkage Effect in Cracked Reinforced Concrete Members, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 142 n. 11, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001148
G. Kaklauskas, V. Tamulenas, M. F. Bado, and D. Bacinskas, Shrinkage-free tension stiffening law for various concrete grades, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 189, pp. 736-744, November 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.212
B. Vakhshouri, Time-dependent bond transfer length under pure tension in one way slabs, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 60 n. 2, pp. 301-312, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.60.2.301
S. M. Allam, M. S. Shoukry, G. E. Rashad, and A. S. Hassan, Evaluation of tension stiffening effect on the crack width calculation of flexural RC members, Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 52 n. 2, pp. 163-173, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2012.12.005
F. Morelli, C. Amico, W. Salvatore, N. Squeglia, and S. Stacul, Influence of tension stiffening on the flexural stiffness of reinforced concrete circular sections, Materials, vol. 10 n. 6, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10060669
E. J. Mezquida-Alcaraz, J. Navarro-Gregori, J. R. Martí-Vargas, and P. Serna-Ros, Effects of tension stiffening and shrinkage on the flexural behavior of reinforced UHPFRC beams, Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 15, December 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00746
P. L. Ng, V. Gribniak, R. Jakubovskis, and A. Rimkus, Tension stiffening approach for deformation assessment of flexural reinforced concrete members under compressive axial load, Structural Concrete, vol. 20 n. 6, pp. 2056-2068, December 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201800286
V. Gribniak, A. Rimkus, L. Torres, and R. Jakstaite, Deformation analysis of reinforced concrete ties: Representative geometry, Structural Concrete, vol. 18 n. 4, pp. 634-647, August 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600105
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Please send any question about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com
Copyright © 2005-2024 Praise Worthy Prize