Enhancing Diesel Generator Fuel Efficiency by Operating in Optimum Variable-Speed Combined with Vienna Converter

M. Zaky Zaim Muhtadi; Soedibyo Soedibyo; Mochamad Ashari

doi:10.15866/irea.v10i4.22034

Enhancing Diesel Generator Fuel Efficiency by Operating in Optimum Variable-Speed Combined with Vienna Converter

M. Zaky Zaim Muhtadi⁽¹⁾, Soedibyo Soedibyo⁽²⁾, Mochamad Ashari^(3*)

^(*) Corresponding author

Authors' affiliations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irea.v10i4.22034

Abstract

Diesel engine generators are commonly used in refinery systems to provide electrical power. The engines are generally Constant Speed Diesel Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator (CSD-WRSG) type and are operated in parallel with ones. In this study, a Variable Speed Diesel Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator (VSD-WRSG) system is proposed, combined with additional AC-to-DC and DC-to-AC converters, in order to meet the low load condition and save the fuel. The Diesel Generator's current rotation, which is set at a constant speed, is then changed to the optimum speed. It varies depending on the load demand. The electrical frequency is controlled through the converters. This research focuses on a single diesel generator with a capacity of 880 kW for supplying 343 kW average load demand. The AC-to-DC converter employs a Vienna Rectifier with hysteresis control. In order to enable smooth power transmission during load changes, a DC-to-AC converter is used with a Virtual Synchronous Generator control method. All the simulations are completed using MatLab/Simulink. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model is effective. When daily load data is employed, the VSD-WRSG system can save up to 5.3% or 121 liters of fuel per day if compared to the CSD-WRSG system.
Copyright © 2022 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords

Fuels Efficiency; Diesel Engine Generators; Constant Speed Diesel; Variable Speed Diesel

Full Text:

PDF

References

R. D. Reitz et al., IJER editorial: The future of the internal combustion engine, International Journal of Engine Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 3-10, Jan. 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087419877990

D. Soto, Modeling and measurement of specific fuel consumption in diesel microgrids in Papua, Indonesia, Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 45, pp. 180-185, Aug. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2018.06.013

S. Benhamed et al., Dynamic modeling of diesel generator based on electrical and mechanical aspects, in 2016 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC), Ottawa, ON, Canada, Oct. 2016, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/EPEC.2016.7771756

M. Z. Z. Muhtadi, Soedibyo and M. Ashari, Penetration of Photovoltaic - Synchronous Diesel Generator Systems without Storage for Isolated Area, 2019 International Conference on Computer Science, Information Technology, and Electrical Engineering (ICOMITEE), 2019, pp. 227-231.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOMITEE.2019.8921203

D. Sondor and E. S. Tarasova, Variable Speed Diesel Generator (VSDG), in Collection of scientific papers of the XIV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Tomsk, Apr. 2014, pp. 140-142.

J. Hamilton, M. Negnevitsky, and X. Wang, Low load diesel perceptions and practices within remote area power systems, in 2015 International Symposium on Smart Electric Distribution Systems and Technologies (EDST), Vienna, Austria, Sep. 2015, pp. 121-126.
https://doi.org/10.1109/SEDST.2015.7315194

C. V. Nayar, M. Ashari, and W. W. L. Keerthipala, A grid-interactive photovoltaic uninterruptible power supply system using battery storage and a back up diesel generator, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 348-353, Sep. 2000.
https://doi.org/10.1109/60.875502

M. Vijay Kumar, A. Veeresh Babu, and P. Ravi Kumar, The impacts on combustion, performance and emissions of biodiesel by using additives in direct injection diesel engine, Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 509-516, Mar. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.12.016

B. T. Tompkins, H. Song, J. A. Bittle, and T. J. Jacobs, Efficiency considerations for the use of blended biofuel in diesel engines, Applied Energy, vol. 98, pp. 209-218, Oct. 2012.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.03.025

Orjuela, S., Pabon, J., Fonseca, M., Experimental Assessment of Emissions in Low Displacement Diesel Engines Operating with Biodiesel Blends of Palm and Sunflower Oil, (2021) International Journal on Engineering Applications (IREA), 9 (3), pp. 128-136.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irea.v9i3.19810

Orozco, W., Acuña, N., Duarte Forero, J., Characterization of Emissions in Low Displacement Diesel Engines Using Biodiesel and Energy Recovery System, (2019) International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME), 13 (7), pp. 420-426.
https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v13i7.17389

Santoso, A., Semin, S., Sampurno, B., Cahyono, B., Zaman, M., New Development of Piston Crown for Dual Fuel Diesel Engine to Improve Efficiency and Reduce NOx Emissions: a Review, (2020) International Journal on Engineering Applications (IREA), 8 (1), pp. 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irea.v8i1.17449

Felayati, F., Semin, S., Cahyono, B., Bakar, R., Numerical Investigation of Dual-Fuel Engine Improvements Using Split Injection Natural Gas Coupled with Diesel Injection Timings at Low Load Condition, (2021) International Journal on Engineering Applications (IREA), 9 (1), pp. 31-38.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irea.v9i1.19622

G. Sujesh and S. Ramesh, Modeling and control of diesel engines: A systematic review, Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 4033-4048, Dec. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2018.02.011

D. H. Wang, C. V. Nayar, and C. Wang, Modeling of stand-alone variable speed diesel generator using doubly-fed induction generator, in The 2nd International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, Hefei, China, Jun. 2010, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/PEDG.2010.5545769

M. Issa, H. Ibrahim, R. Lepage, and A. Ilinca, A Review and Comparison on Recent Optimization Methodologies for Diesel Engines and Diesel Power Generators, JPEE, vol. 07, no. 06, pp. 31-56, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2019.76003

K. Park and J. Kim, A Study on the Development of a Variable Speed Diesel Generator for DC Distribution, J. Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Saf., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 117-121, Mar. 2019.
https://doi.org/10.7837/kosomes.2019.25.1.117

W. Koczara and G. Iwanski, Variable-Speed Power Generation, in Power Electronics for Renewable and Distributed Energy Systems: A Sourcebook of Topologies, Control and Integration, S. Chakraborty, M. G. Simões, and W. E. Kramer, Eds. London: Springer London, 2013, pp. 235-294.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5104-3_7

J. R. Rodriguez, J. W. Dixon, J. R. Espinoza, J. Pontt, and P. Lezana, PWM regenerative rectifiers: state of the art, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 5-22, Feb. 2005.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2004.841149

M. Greig and J. Wang, Fuel consumption minimization of variable-speed wound rotor diesel generators, in IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Nov. 2017, pp. 8572-8577.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2017.8217506

Y. Zhou, Q. Liu, M. Wang, and C. Zhang, Design of the control circuit used in variable speed diesel generator set, in 2015 IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), Dec. 2015, pp. 676-680.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IAEAC.2015.7428640

G. A. Fogli, P. M. de Almeida, and P. G. Barbosa, Modelling and control of an interface power converter for the operation of small diesel gen-sets in grid-connected and stand-alone modes, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 150, pp. 177-187, Sep. 2017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.05.016

G. Korobko, O. Khvatov, and I. Korobko, Designing and modelling of variable speed diesel generators for ship unified electric power systems, Vestnik Ivanovskogo gosudarstvennogo energeticheskogo universiteta, vol. 1, pp. 55-61, 2017.
https://doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2017.1.055-061

S. G. Obukhov and I. A. Plotnikov, The experimental studies of a diesel generator set at a variable speed, Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Georesource Engineering, vol. 326, no. 6, 2015.

K. Mahmud, L. Tao, and M. S. Alam, A variable speed three phase generator voltage hook up with a DC bus by VIENNA rectifier, in 2013 International Conference on Electrical Information and Communication Technology (EICT), Feb. 2014, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/EICT.2014.6777874

Johann W. Kolar and Thomas Friedli, The Essence of Three-Phase PFC Rectifier Systems-Part I, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 176-198, Jan. 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2197867

A. Sunbul and V. K. Sood, Simplified SVPWM Method for the Vienna Rectifier," in 2019 20th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), Jun. 2019, pp. 1-8.
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPEL.2019.8769689

J. Adhikari, I. V. Prasanna, and S. K. Panda, Voltage oriented control of the three-level Vienna rectifier using vector control method, in 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Long Beach, CA, Mar. 2016, pp. 9-16.
https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2016.7467845

S. Ramasamy and D. Reddy, Design of a three-phase boost type vienna rectifier for 1kW wind energy conversion system, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1909-1918, 2017.

S. Ramasamy et al., Comparative Analysis of RBFN and Fuzzy-SVPWM Controller Based Boost Type Vienna Rectifier for 1kW Wind Energy Conversion System, JGE, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 177-200, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.13052/jge1904-4720.824

M. Nikouei, Design and evaluation of the vienna rectifier for a 5MW wind turbine system (Master's thesis), Chalmers University of Technology, 2013.

S. Gao, Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, X. Tang, and Z. Zhang, Seamless Switching of Three-phase Inverters Grid-connected and Off-grid Based on Virtual Synchronous Generator Technology, in 2021 33rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), Kunming, China, May 2021, pp. 962-966.
https://doi.org/10.1109/CCDC52312.2021.9601787

K. M. Cheema, A comprehensive review of virtual synchronous generator, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 120, p. 106006, Sep. 2020.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106006

T. Zheng, L. Chen, T. Chen, and S. Wei, Virtual synchronous generator technology and prospects , Automation of Electric Power Systems, vol. 39, no. 21, pp. 165-175, 2015.

DataSheet MODEL: KTA38-G5, Cummins Engine Company, Inc., 1998. [Online]. Available: https://www.fdkenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/CG880-H1-Cummins-kta38-g5.pdf

M. Torres and L. A. Lopes, Inverter-based diesel generator emulator for the study of frequency variations in a laboratory-scale autonomous power system, Energy and Power Engineering, vol. 5, no. 03, p. 274, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2013.53027

Grzegorz Iwanski, Ł. Bigorajski, and W. Koczara, Speed control with incremental algorithm of minimum fuel consumption tracking for variable speed diesel generator, Energy conversion and management, vol. 161, pp. 182-192, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.01.053

Woodward, "2301A Load Sharing & Speed Control." Citeseer, 2015. [Online]. Available:
https://www.woodward.com/-/media/publication-assets/technical-manual/2019/4/18/20/2/82389.pdf

A. Danninger, M. Bachinger, M. Stolz, and M. Horn, Online calculation of diesel engine torque dynamics, in 2014 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA), Oct. 2014, pp. 669-674.
https://doi.org/10.1109/CCA.2014.6981417

C. Lin, C. Wu, J. Yang, and C. Lu, Inertia estimation of diesel generators based on modified loading rejection tests, IET gener. transm. distrib., vol. 15, no. 17, pp. 2435-2445, Sep. 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12188

Pardo García, C., Pabon, J., Fonseca Vigoya, M., A Statistical and Computational Predictive Model of the Direct Fuel Injection System in Diesel Engines, (2021) International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), 14 (3), pp. 221-230.
https://doi.org/10.15866/iremos.v14i3.19063

M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg, and A. Dell'Aquila, Step-by-step design procedure for a grid-connected three-phase PWM voltage source converter, International Journal of Electronics, vol. 91, no. 8, pp. 445-460, Aug. 2004.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00207210412331306186

L. Quéval and H. Ohsaki, Back-to-back converter design and control for synchronous generator-based wind turbines, in 2012 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Nov. 2012, pp. 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2012.6477300

K. Ning and L. Huaweii, Design of Charging Module for DC Charging Pile Based on Two Level Power Conversion, in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Dec. 2018, vol. 452, p. 042073.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/452/4/042073

H. C. Nannam and A. Banerjee, A Detailed Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Hysteresis Current Controlled Vienna Rectifier and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulated Vienna Rectifier in Mitigating the Harmonic Distortion on the Input Mains, in 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), Bangkok, Dec. 2018, pp. 371-375.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2018.8607388

T. Ise and H. Bevrani, Virtual synchronous generators and their applications in microgrids, in Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in Power Systems, Elsevier, 2016, pp. 282-294.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803212-1.00012-X

J. Alipoor, Y. Miura, and T. Ise, Power System Stabilization Using Virtual Synchronous Generator With Alternating Moment of Inertia, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 451-458, Jun. 2015.
https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2362530

H. Hasabelrasul, Z. Cai, L. Sun, X. Suo, and I. Matraji, Two-Stage Converter Standalone PV-Battery System Based on VSG Control, IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 39825-39832, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3165664

S. Hadavi, S. P. Me, B. Bahrani, M. Fard, and A. Zadeh, Virtual Synchronous Generator Versus Synchronous Condensers: An Electromagnetic Transient Simulation- based Comparison, p. 19, 2022.

H. Matsumori, T. Shimizu, K. Takano, and H. Ishii, Three-phase AC filter inductor design for three-phase PWM inverter for conversion efficiency improvement at low load, Electrical Engineering in Japan, vol. 203, no. 1, pp. 37-49, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eej.23053

S. Mondal, P. K. Gayen, and K. Gupta, Study on Impact of LC-Filter Parameters Under Variable Loading Conditions of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter, in 2018 IEEE Electron Devices Kolkata Conference (EDKCON), Kolkata, India, Nov. 2018, pp. 132-136.
https://doi.org/10.1109/EDKCON.2018.8770507

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

Username
Password
Remember me