Self-Compacting-Geopolymer-Concrete (SCGC) Retrofitted Haunch

Purwanto Purwanto; Aylie Han; Januarti J. Ekaputri; Nuroji Nuroji; Blinka H. Prasetya

doi:10.15866/irea.v9i4.20652

Self-Compacting-Geopolymer-Concrete (SCGC) Retrofitted Haunch

Purwanto Purwanto⁽¹⁾, Aylie Han^(2*), Januarti J. Ekaputri⁽³⁾, Nuroji Nuroji⁽⁴⁾, Blinka H. Prasetya⁽⁵⁾

^(*) Corresponding author

Authors' affiliations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/irea.v9i4.20652

Abstract

Retrofitting methods are widely used to reinforce existing concrete structures and frames. Strengthening becomes necessary when building codes mandate a higher load carrying capacity originated from, for example, changes in earthquake zone mapping. A haunch conclusively relocates the formation of plastic hinges away from the beam-column-joint. Geopolymer concrete is an environmentally friendly material, based on fly ash. Utilizing a haunch with this material is effectual and sustainable. The low workability of geopolymer concrete was in this study improved by adding a superplasticizer, which effectiveness was trigger by the presence of low volume Portland cement and water creating a Self-Compacting-Geopolymer-Concrete (SCGC). This SCGC ensured easy fabrication in the field, and improved the compaction and homogeneousness of the haunch. A full-scale experiment based on water-loading was conducted on an existing building to analyze the behavior of a SCGC haunch. The research concluded that the SCGC resulted in a high-performance haunch with good compatibility to the structure, the integrity of the haunch and the structure was maintained up to working-loading conditions. The load carrying capacity and the serviceability greatly improved. Analytical comparison to the prismatic section showed that the SCGC haunch reduced the deflection at mid-span to 77%.
Copyright © 2021 Praise Worthy Prize - All rights reserved.

Keywords

Haunch; Plastic-Hinge; Retrofitting; Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC)

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ghomi, S.K. and El-Salakawy, E, Effect of geometrical configuration on seismic behavior of GFRP-RC beam-column joints, Advances in Concrete Constructions, vol. 9 n. 3, 2020, pp. 313 - 326.

Raj, S.D., Ganesan, N. and Abraham, R, Role of fibers on the performance of geopolymer concrete exterior beam column joints, Advances in Concrete Constructions, vol. 9 n. 2, 2020, pp. 115 - 123.

Wang, B., Zhu, S., Xu, Y.L. and Jiang, H, Seismic retrofitting of non-seismically designed RC beam-column joints using buckling-restrained haunches: design and analysis, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 22 n. 7, 2017, pp. 1188 - 1208.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1277441

Hassan, A., Arif, M. and Shariq, M, Use of geopolymer concrete for a cleaner and sustainable environment - A review of mechanical properties and microstructure, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 223, 2019, pp. 704 - 728.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.051

Archundia-Aranda, H.I., Tena-Colunga, A. and Grande-Vega, A, Behavior of reinforced concrete haunched beams subjected to cyclic shear loading, Engineering Structures, vol. 49, 2013, pp. 27 - 42.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.10.037

Hou, C., Matsumoto, K. and Niwa, J, Shear failure Mechanism of reinforced concrete haunched beams, Journal of JSCE, vol. 3 n. 1, 2015, pp. 230 - 245.
https://doi.org/10.2208/journalofjsce.3.1_230

Tena-Colunga, A., Urbina-Californias, L.A. and Archundia-Aranda, H.I, Cyclic behavior of continuous reinforced concrete haunched beams with transverse reinforcement designed to fail in shear, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 151, 2017, pp. 546 - 562.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.05.123

Tena-Colunga, A., Urbina-Californias, L.A. and Archundia-Aranda, H.I, Assessment of the shear strength of continuous reinforced concrete haunched beams based upon cyclic testing, Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 11, 2017, pp. 187 - 204.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.04.018

Zanuy, C., Gallego, J.M. and Albajar, L, Fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete haunched beams without stirrups, Structural Journal, vol. 112 n. 3, 2015, pp. 371 - 382.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51687411

Priyanka; V.M., Kumar, M.P., Kumar, G.V.S.R. and Vishalakshi, D, Effect of haunched beams in moment resisting RC frames, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), vol. 8 n. 9, 2017, pp. 1187 - 1199.

Genesio, G, Seismic assessment of RC exterior beam-column joints and retrofit with haunches using post-installed anchors performance of exterior RC beam-column joints retrofitted using various retrofit solutions, Ph.D. dissertation, Institut für Werkstoffe im Bauwesen der Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2012.

Sharma, A, Seismic Behavior and retrofitting of RC frame structures with emphasis on beam-column joints - experiments and numerical modeling, Ph.D. dissertation, Institut für Werkstoffe im Bauwesen der Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2013.

Sharma, A., Eligehausen, R. and Hofmann, J, Numerical modeling of joints retrofitted with haunch retrofit solution, Structural Journal, vol. 111 n. 4, 2014, pp. 861 - 872.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51686737

Sharma, A., Reddy, G.R., Eligehausen, R., Genesio, G. and Pampanin, S, Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Haunch Retrofit Solution, Structural Journal, vol. 111 n. 3, 2014, pp. 673 - 684.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51686625

Sharma, A., Genesio, G., Reddy, G. R., Eligehausen, R., Pampanin, S. and Vaze, K. K, Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete Beam-column Joints, 14th Symposium on Earthquake Engineering (14SEE), December, 2010, Roorkee, India.

Truong, G.T., Dinh, N.H., Kim, J.C. and Choi, K.K, Seismic performance of exterior RC beam-column joints retrofitted using various retrofit solutions, International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, vol. 11, 2017, pp. 415 - 433.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-017-0203-x

Zabihi, A., Tsang, H.H., Gad, E.F. and Wilson, J.L, Analytical development of seismic retrofit technique for RC beam-column joint using single diagonal haunch, Mechanics of Structures and Materials XXIV: Proceedings of the 24th Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM24), December, 2016, Perth, Australia.

Dang, C.T. and Dinh, N.H, Experimental study on structural performance of RC exterior beam-column joints retrofitted by steel jacketing and haunch element under cyclic loading simulating earthquake excitation, Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. 2017, 2017, pp. 1 - 11.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9263460

Zabihi, A., Tsang, H.H., Gad, E.F. and Wilson, J.L, Seismic retrofit of exterior RC beam-column joint using diagonal haunch, Engineering Structures, vol. 174, 2018, pp. 753 - 767.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.07.100

Marthong, C, Behavior of repaired RAC beam-column joints using steel welded wire mesh jacketed with cement mortar, Advances in Concrete Constructions, vol. 8 n. 2, 2019, pp. 91 - 100.

Akbar, J., Ahmad, N., Alam, B. and Ashaf, M, Seismic performance of RC frames retrofitted with haunch technique, Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 67 n. 1, 2018, pp. 1 - 8.

Akbar, J., Ahmad, N. and Alam, B, Seismic strengthening of deficient reinforced concrete frames using reinforced concrete haunch, Structural Journal, vol. 116 n. 1, 2019, pp. 225 - 235.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51710874

Albegmprli. H.M., Gülşan, M.E. and Cevik, A, Comprehensive experimental investigation on mechanical behavior for types of reinforced concrete haunched beam, Advances in Concrete Constructions, vol. 7 n. 1, 2019, pp. 39 - 50.

Ma, C.K., Awang, A.Z. and Omar, W, Structural and material performance of geopolymer concrete: A review, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 186, 2018, pp. 90 - 100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.111

Aliabdo, A.A., Elmoaty, A.E.M.A. and Salem, H.A, Effect of cement addition, solution resting time and curing characteristics on fly ash based geopolymer concrete performance, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 123, 2016, pp. 581 - 593.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.043

Hadi, M.N.S., Zhang, H. and Parkinson, S, Optimum mix design of geopolymer pastes and concretes cured in ambient condition based on compressive strength, setting time and workability, Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 23, 2019, pp. 301 - 313.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.02.006

Keke, S., Xiaoqin, P., Shuping, W., and Lu, Z, Design method for the mix proportion of geopolymer concrete based on the paste thickness of coated aggregate, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 232, 2019, pp. 508 - 517.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.254

Jeevananda, K. and Sreevidya, V, Experimental investigation on concrete and geopolymer concrete, Material Today: Proceedings, vol. 21, 2020, pp. 307 - 312.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.05.448

Davidovits, J, High-alkali cements for 21st century concretes, ACI special Publications, vol. 144, 1994, pp. 383 - 398.

Davidovits, J, 30 Years of successes and failures in geopolymer applications. market trends and potential breakthroughs, Geopolymer 2002 Conference, October, 2002, Melbourne, Australia.

Sreenivasulu, C., Jawahar, J.G. and Sashidhar, C, Flexural studies on reinforced geopolymer concrete beams under pure bending, Advances in Concrete Constructions, vol. 8 n. 1, 2019, pp. 33 - 37.

Purwanto, Han, A.L., Nuroji and Ekaputri, J.J, The influence of molarity variations to the mechanical behavior of geopolymer concrete, The 4th International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering, July, 2018, Solo Baru, Indonesia.
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819501010

Hardjito, D., Wallah, S.E., Sumajouw, D.M.J. and Rangan, B.V, Fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 6 n. 1, 2005, pp. 77 - 86.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2005.11464946

Hassan A., Arif M. and Shariq M, A review of properties and behaviour of reinforced geopolymer concrete structural elements - A clean technology option for sustainable development, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 245, 2020, pp. 1 - 15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118762

Purwanto and Indarto, H, Study of proportional variation of geopolymer concrete which self-compacting concrete, Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering, vol. 2 n. 2, 2019, pp. 65 - 75.
https://doi.org/10.30659/jacee.2.2.65-75

Sultan, H., Mohammad, A., Qasim, O., Maula, B., Aziz, H., Ductility Factor Evaluation of Concrete Moment Frame Retrofitted by FRP Subjected to Seismic Loads, (2020) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 11 (6), pp. 275-282.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v11i6.18670

Tbatou, T., El Youbi, M., Dynamic and Structural Study of a RC Building Braced by FRP Composite Materials, (2020) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 11 (1), pp. 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v11i1.16991

Behnam, B., Alfraihat, A., Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Structural and Non-Structural Ultra Lightweight Aggregate Concrete, (2019) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 10 (5), pp. 227-234.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v10i5.16971

Maryoto, A., Nastain, N., Supriyanto, H., The Bond Response of Concrete Brick with Recycled Tire Chip as Partial Replacement of Aggregate Applied in the Non-Structural Masonry Wall, (2019) International Review of Civil Engineering (IRECE), 10 (1), pp. 33-40.
https://doi.org/10.15866/irece.v10i1.16279

Formisano, A., Galzerano, B., Durante, M., Marino, O., Liguori, B., Mechanical Response of Short Fiber Reinforced Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Composites, (2018) International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME), 12 (6), pp. 485-491.
https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v12i6.14826

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

Username
Password
Remember me