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International Review on Modelling and Simulations Vol. 3 N. 6---- Part A
International Review on Modelling and Simulations Vol. 3 N. 6---- Part B
International Review on Modelling and Simulations - Papers (Part A)
Design of an Arbitrary Shaped Invisible Cloak Using Coordinate Transformation
by S. H.
Sedighi, M. Khalaj-Amir Hosseini
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1167-1171
Abstract - The
invisible Cloaks for an arbitrary shape is proposed and designed based
on the simple coordinate transformation approach. We first identify the
new transformation relation and then extract the required material
tensors of the invisible cloak shell. The inhomogeneous anisotropic
derived materials deflect waves and guide them around the object and
return them to their original trajectory. Finally, the full wave
simulations are done to confirm the validity of the design.
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Keywords: Arbitrary Shape, Coordinate Transformation, Cloak.
Development Of An Intelligent Load Forecasting Prediction Algorithm
by Mohd Fauzi
Othman, Khalil Mohamad, Saeed M. Badran
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1172-1182
Abstract -
Predicting future behavior of a system based on its previous behaviors
is one of the essential goals of modern science and it data is quite
important in solving both engineering and economic problems. The
objective of this paper is to develop prediction algorithms that can
predict the time series data with minimum prediction error when compared
with other techniques. This paper uses several artificial intelligent
techniques that is fuzzy logic, multilayer perceptron neural network and
generalized regression neural network (GRNN). Load demand predictions
are the case studies in this project. Only short term load forecasting
are being considered and two approaches have been undertaken to predict
the load demand of 24 hours and 72 hours ahead. The same data are used
for all techniques and the summary of their performance are compared and
evaluated.
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Keywords: Load Demand Prediction, Intelligent System.
Differential Evolution Approach for Optimal Design of Switched Reluctance
Machine
by M.Balaji,
Dr.V.Kamaraj
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1183-1188
Abstract - This
paper presents Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm based design
optimization of Switched Reluctance Machine (SRM).The SRM design is
formulated as multivariable constrained optimization problem. The
objective functions for obtaining desired design are maximization of
average torque and minimization of torque ripple with stator and rotor
pole arc as design variables. The optimization procedure is tested on
8/6, four-phase, 5 HP, 1500 rpm SRM.The results are compared and
investigated with those obtained from Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique
and FEA simulation. The results show that the proposed method is
effective and outperforms GA in terms of solution quality, accuracy,
constraint handling and computational time.
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Keywords: Average Torque Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution Algorithm, Switched Reluctance Machine, Torque Ripple.
Design of
Static Converter for Electric Traction
by S. Tounsi, M.
Hadj Kacem, R. Néji
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 11189-1195
Abstract - In this
paper, we describe a design methodology of a static converter with
electromagnetic switches, dedicated to the electric traction. The design
gait rests on the development of an analytic model providing the
manufactureing datas of this converter. This gait of design take in
account the adaptation of this converter, characterized by a low
switching frequency to the global system, while inserting a reducer
cracterised by a ratio calculated by a manner guaranteeing to the
electric vehicle to reach the maximal speed (100 km/h), and to have a
good dynamic characteristic. This design approach, takes in account of
the interactions between the control strategy and the electric motor
design procedure. Finally, the design gait is validated by the finite
element method, and the functionality of the global system is verified
by simulations of the power train global model bsed on the vectorial
control, minimizing the energy consumption of the electric vehicle,
while imposing a phase current of phase in phase with the back
electromotive force.
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Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Motor, Converter, Design, Analytic, Finite Element, Electromagnetic Switch.
Modeling of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine driving PMSG using Hysteresis Band
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
by F. Kendouli,
A.M. Boulahia, K. Nabti, H. Benalla
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1196-1201
Abstract - This
paper describes the modeling and control system of a wind turbine for
medium power Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). This control
allows the synchronous generator to operate at an optimal speed. To show
its effectiveness, a mathematical model of a wind energy conversion
system is developed. In this paper, a distributed generation based on
stand alone wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a variable speed
permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is proposed with a
hysteresis band Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) rectifier and a battery for
storing the wind energy. The topology for the same condition has been
demonstrated using MATLAB Simulink based simulations.
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Keywords: Wind Turbine, Modeling PMSG, Storage, PWM Rectifier, Hysteresis Band Current Controller.
Multi-physics Modeling of a Linear Tubular Step Actuator
by Saidi, L. El
Amraoui, M. Benrejeb
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1202-1208
Abstract - In this
paper is developed a multi-physic model of a linear tubular step
actuator, dedicated to the motorization of a syringe pump for real
incompressible drug perfusion.
The multi-physic model is composed of several models coupled between
them. Each model represents a particular physical phenomenon.
The multi-physics modeling is elaborate via analytical models of
electric, mechanical, thermal, magnetic phenomena and load. Copyright ©
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Keywords: Syringe Pump, Perfusion, Real Incompressible Drug, Linear Step Actuator, Modeling Multi-Physics, Dynamic Response.
Sensorless Control strategy for Wind Energy Conversion System based on Doubly
Fed Twin Stator Induction Generator
by S.Nouali,
A.Ouali
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1209-1216
Abstract -
In this article we present a sensorless control for Wind Energy
Conversion System (WECS) based on Doubly Fed Twin Stator Induction
Generator (DFTSIG). The aim of this control is to extract the maximum
wind power and to control the power generation only by measuring phase
voltages and currents. For that, an adaptive observer based on Model
Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) theory is introduced to estimate the
rotor speed and position. To impose the maximum point of power MPPT,
which depends on the aerodynamic power and the wind speed turbine, an
extended Luenberger observer was introduced in cascade with the MRAS
observer to estimate the optimal aerodynamic torque. After, an
approximation with an Artificial Neuronal Network (ANN) makes it
possible to estimate the wind velocity .The latter will be injected in
the algorithm control to impose the optimal output power reference, by
using an MPPT block based on knowledge of the WECS dynamics and power
characteristics .Simulation results demonstrate the sensorless control
device excellent performances using Matlab/Simulink.
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Keywords: Sensorless Control, MPPT, WECS, MRAS Observer, Neuronal Network Observer, Extended Luenberger Observer.
Water Modeling and Control of PEMFC by Predictive Controller Based on Neural
Network
by Milad Karimi,
Alireza Rezazade
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1217-1228
Abstract - The
operation of the Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) greatly
depends on water management, Imbalance between production and
evaporation rates can result in either flooding of the electrodes or
membrane dehydration, both of which severely limit fuel cell
performance. In the present study, a mathematical model was developed to
evaluate the output voltage of the cell, water content and water
distribution through the cell. Since temperature plays a prominent role
in water management in the PEMFC, its effect on water content and water
distribution in the membrane is completely studied. It is shown that the
effect of the temperature with water modeling in cell is in
contradiction to it’s effect without modeling the water content. A
predictive controller based on the Neural Network is used to control the
water content on the cell during its operation by adjusting the relative
humidity of inlet hydrogen. Data is obtained from the 1.2kW
Ballard_NexaTM Power_Module and
simulated by Matlab Simulink 2009.
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Keywords: PEMFC, Water Management, Neural Network, Predictive Controller.
Using an Exhaustive-Based Search Algorithm for Selective Harmonic Reduction of
Multilevel Inverters
by Hadi Chahkandi
Nejad, Rouzbeh Jahani, Javad Olamaei, Heidar Ali Shayanfar
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1229-1233
Abstract - In this
paper, an exhaustive search algorithm optimization technique is applied
to multilevel inverter to determine the optimum switching angles for
cascaded multilevel inverters for eliminating some higher order
harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This
technique can be applied to the multilevel inverters with any number of
levels; for example, the 7-level, 9-level and 11-level inverters, and
the optimum switching angles are calculated offline to eliminate the 5th
and the 7th harmonics. Then, these angles are used in an experimental
setup to validate the results.
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Keywords: Cascade Multilevel Inverter; Exhaustive Search Algorithm; Selective Harmonic Elimination; Modulation Index.
Voltage Sag Detection Technique Based on Phase Angle Analysis for PWM-Switched
Autotransformer
by Muhamad Mansor,
Nasrudin Abd. Rahim
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1234-1240
Abstract - Voltage
sag can cause expensive downtime, making it the focus of considerable
research. Many voltage sag detection techniques have been introduced to
measure and to detect voltage sags, such as RMS Value Evaluation and
Peak Value Evaluation techniques. Most of them require a delay for sag
to be detected and compensated, whereas immediate sag detection is vital
to improvement of transient performance. This paper presents a new
voltage-sag detection technique that is based on phase-angle analysis,
capable to detect and to compensate sag the moment it occurs. Its
effectiveness and capability had been verified through a MATLAB/Simulink
simulation. A study on existing techniques, i.e., RMS Value Evaluation
and Peak Value Evaluation, is included as comparison with the proposed
technique.
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Keywords: Voltage Sag, Voltage Sag Detection, Voltage Sag Compensator.
State Space Analysis for Internal Nonlinearities and Noise Modeling of a
Microwave MESFET Amplifier
by Arash
Kiyoumarsi, Payman Moallem, Ali Safabakhsh, Sadegh Masjoodi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1241-1248
Abstract - State
space analysis can be successfully used to analyze the amplifier, load
and the feed back circuits when they are all connected to each other.
The main advantages of state space analysis of feedback amplifiers are
the possibility of discussion of internal and structural nonlinearities
and eigenvalue analysis of the whole amplifier. In this paper, state
space analysis of a microwave amplifier is completely discussed. In this
model, the effects of internal noise both in gate to source and drain to
source junctions, are briefly taken into account .The transfer functions
as well as input and output driving impedances of the amplifier are
determined using proper state variables. This analysis will be valid
when the network is in a linear region.
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Keywords: MESFET Amplifier, State Space Analysis, Nonlinearity, Noise Modeling.
Energy Transmission via an Inductive Link in an Implantable System through
Macromodel
by M. Chaoui, R.
Perdriau, H. Ghariani, M. Lahiani
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1249-1255
Abstract - This
article presents a macromodel-based electrical simulation model of a
skin-implantable system, capable of transmitting RF power and data
through an inductive link. This model makes it possible to assess the
efficiency of energy transmission as a function of lateral and
longitudinal displacements between the external coil (transmitter) and
the implanted coil (receiver). This model must describe the behaviour of
the mutual inductance in relation to lateral and longitudinal
displacements. For that, a behavioural modelling was made on the basis
of the mathematical equation of the mutual inductance. A polynomial
interpolation of order four of this equation was established to lead to
the electric model in the form of a sub circuit. This modelling made it
possible to study and to simulate the efficiency and the impedance
brought back to the entry of the inductive link in relation to lateral
and longitudinal displacements.The power amplifier itself is a class E
amplifier optimized in both output voltage and efficiency, and bears an
excellent tolerance to displacements.
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Keywords: Inductive Link, RF, Class E Amplifier, Modeling, Rectifier.
Effect of Changes in the Shape of Input Wave to Ionization of the Horizontal
Grounding - Computer Model Analysis
by Rasim Gačanović,
Hamid Zildžo, Halid Matoruga
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1256-1260
Abstract - The paper
gives an overview of some features of the analytical view of lightning
current wave shape. Also presented are original recordings of form and
value of real lightning. In addition, given the basic principles of
modeling soil ionization, as well as data on a computer model to
simulate the ionization - ION.GR. The main goal is to analyze the impact
of changes in parameters of input wave on the ionization of the simple
horizontal ground electrode. Thus, altered the form and frequency of
input wave of strikes in the concerned electrode. Then, are presented
and analyzed responses obtained in the model ION.GR. The above model is
suitable for analyzing grounding of small objects exposed to lightning.
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Keywords: 3D Lightning Surge, Wave Shape, Rise Time, Decline Time, Wave Front, Wave Frequency, Ionization of Soil, a Short Strip Grounding, Electromagnetic Transients, Frequency Dependence, Voltages, Grounding, Atmospheric Discharge, Numerical Methods.
The Calculation of Grounding Systems using 3D Macro Finite Element Method
by Halid Matoruga
Hamid Zildžo, Rasim Gačanović
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1261-1265
Abstract - Designing
and optimizing the geometry of grounding systems in large substation
should be focus enormous attention: First, because of the huge economic
savings on the material and the second reason is to reduce and limit
dangerous step voltages, touch voltages and floating potentials on
passive electrodes (substation fences or pipelines). Previous
calculations of grounding systems are mainly based on Indirect boundary
element Method and so-called horizontal two-layer soil under the
substation. In reality, ground can be both horizontally and vertically
layered. This paper contains a numerical model for calculation of
grounding systems with 3D Macro Finite Element Method. This method is
very suitable for solving problems with the vertically or horizontally
layered of soil.
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Keywords: 3D Macro Finite Element Method, Galerkin Method of Weighted Residuals, Grounding System, the Potential of the Earth's Surface, Step Voltage, Touch Voltage, Floating Potential.
Calculation Dangerous Potential in the Pipeline of Large Size in the Vicinity of
Grounding Systems with Boundary Element Method
by Hamid Zildžo,
Rasim Gačanović, Halid Matoruga
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1266-1272
Abstract - This
paper presents a procedure for calculation of induced dangerous
potential of the pipeline located near the substation grounding system
at the time of current flow through the earth fault segments in the
ground. Since the pipeline (eg, Water pipe line) is connected to the
main substation grounding, then it behaves as a passive electrode, and
to induce her floating potential. The method of boundary elements was
applied. Segments of horizontal and vertical strips grounding probe the
ground substations are discretized with 1D line boundary elements and
boundary surface pipeline is discretized with 2D elements.
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Keywords: Boundary Element Methods, Method of Collocation to Point, Grounding Substation, Ground Potential Rise (GPR), Step Voltage, Touch Voltage, Floating Potential.
Modelling the Channel Transfer Function of the Vehicle Power Line Channel
by M. Fattah, R.
Ouremchi, M. El Bekkali, S. Mazer
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1273-1280
Abstract - This
paper presents the modeling of the propagation channel for broadband
transmissions from a transfer function point in-vehicle environment.
Nowadays, electronics spreads in the automobile field thanks to the
introduction of networks embedded into the vehicles. In order to limit
the number of new cables for questions of costs, weight and especially
reliability, a solution consists in transmitting information on the
network of energy of the vehicles by using the techniques of power line
communication (PLC). This approach based on Multiconductor Transmission
Line is first of all considered to calculate the transfer function of
the channel between two points of the car DC line. Experimental results
are presented and demonstrate excellent agreement with the simulation.
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Keywords: Channel Characteristics, Channel Modeling, Transfer Function, Power Line Communication, Vehicle Network.
Modeling and Simulation of Traffic in High Speed Networks based MMPP
by Afshin Shaabany,
Fatemeh Jamshidi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1281-1288
Abstract - One of
the non-self-similar models which is capable of modeling self-similar
traffic in networks and always attracts attention of researches is MMPP
process. In other words, this model can produce bur sty traffics in data
and video networks. In this paper, accuracy and preciseness of adapting
MMPP on voice, data and video traffics are studied and the efficiency of
input process of MMPP into high speed networks is reviewed based on
queue model of MMPP/D/1. Then by means of advanced and MMPP-based
algorithms such as LAMBDA, data and video fractal traffics are
synthesized based on original trace and their efficiency are compared.
We correct the algorithms in a manner that the coordination
impreciseness resulted by the change in parameters of self-similar
traffic, in particular, HURST parameter fades out. Our strategy for
correcting the above algorithm is as follows: Whereas the number of MMPP
states in adjustment process is low, we may not be able to cover all
original packet trace. Therefore, if the number of MMPP states
increases, we can solve the efficiency problems.
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Keywords: LAMBDA, MMPP Process, HURST Parameter, Traffic in High Speed Networks.
Flexible Pavement Design: Comparative Study Between Japan and Morocco
by Ismail Yasso,
Kamal Gueraoui, Abdelmajid Niazi, Gamal, Zeggwagh
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1289-1297
Abstract - This
article is in the context of the dimensioning methods of the flexible
pavement. It concentrates on the problems of the taking into account of
the loads of traffic according to the probabilistic parameters of the
temperature, particularly for the analytical or incremental methods.
After having presented the method of characterization of the bitumen
binders according to their viscoelastic behavior to Morocco and Japan
and the factors influencing the bearing capacity between these two
countries. We are interested this time in dimensioning of a Moroccan
flexible pavement with the incremental method of Japan.
In these last, the deformations due to the loads of traffic, given on
the basis of linear elastic modeling of the roadways (model of Burmister),
are used for the estimate of the lifespan of the roadway.
The real loads of traffic of the roadways are diversified of an area
with another, as well on the level of their intensity as of their mode
of application. It is through this vision of globalization that a
comparison between the various models of dimensioning in particular
between Morocco and Japan is carried out.
Morocco although with these great geographical extents is a country
which strongly depends on the climatic risks and although since a
certain number of years of vast construction projects of new roadways
and handing-over on level of the old roads are launched; one of the
disadvantages major of this vast policy is the cost.
The comparison compared to Japan seems interesting in measurement or
although this country is classified among most advanced economically
world, the problems are much more important in measurement or the
materials rare on the one hand and are very regulated compared to the
environmental laws on the other hand.
Thus, it will be a question of presenting the philosophy of Japanese
design pavements.
Once this solved stage, it will be necessary to adapt methodology to the
Moroccan model (drawn from the Moroccan catalog of pavement design) and
to check the state of the constraints and deformations under imposed
requests.
Conclusions and prospects compared to the pavement design could be
brought thereafter in order to improve the current methods of pavement
design in Morocco.
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Keywords: Asphalt Pavement, Visco Elastic Property, And Fatigue Life, Law Of Behaviour, Rutting, Thermal Stress, And Load of Traffic.
Elastic Link Robot Dynamics Modelling based on Beam Theories
by Malik Loudini
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1298-1307
Abstract - In this
paper, comprehensive dynamic modeling of elastic link robotic
manipulators is investigated based on beam theories. First, the emphasis
is essentially set on a detailed description of the different steps,
allowing the obtaining of accurate and complete governing equations of
the transversely vibrating motion of an actuated lightweight elastic
link robot arm carrying a payload at its free end-point. The development
is based on the general Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) with inclusion of
important damping mechanisms. As a contribution, a new closed form
dynamic model of a planar single link elastic manipulator considered as
a Rayleigh beam (RB) with internal structural viscoelasticity is then
proposed.
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Keywords: Robot Manipulator, Elastic Link, Damping, Timoshenko Beam Theory, Rayleigh Beam, Lagrange, Assumed Modes Method.
A Hybrid Fuzzy-based Robust Controller for Pneumatically Actuated Micro Robot
by Y.
Sabzehmeidani , M. Mailah, M. Hussein, E. Gatavi, M.Z. Md Zain
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1308-1316
Abstract -
The paper focuses on the implementation of a hybrid control technique
applied to a pneumatically actuated micro robot which is modelled and
simulated to operate in a constrained environment for an in-pipe
application. A mathematical model that represents the dynamic
characteristics of micro robot is first derived and later the dynamic
response of the robot system subjected to different input excitations
rigorously investigated. Three different types of control algorithms are
designed and integrated into this system via a
proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, sliding mode
controller (SMC) and active force control (AFC) method. This hybrid
scheme is to be known as AFC+SMC+PID and its primary objective is to
ensure accurate and robust trajectory tracking control of the micro
robot system is achieved. The performance of the control system under
different types of disturbances is evaluated through a simulation study.
The obtained results clearly demonstrate an effective trajectory
tracking capability of the worm-like micro robot in spite of the
negative effects of the external disturbances.
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Keywords: Active Force Control, Sliding Mode Control, PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic, Micro Robot, Robust Tracking.
Numerical and theoretical modelling of unsteady flows for incompressible fluid
in rigid conducts. Application to molten polymers flow
by M. Driouich, K.
Gueraoui, Y. M. Haddad, M. Sammouda, A. El Hammoumi, M. Kerroum, M. Taibi, O.
Fassi Fehri
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1317-1323
Abstract - The main
objective of this work is to establish a numerical code for studying the
flow of molten polymers in rigid pipes. Using an iterative numerical
method based on finite differences, we determine the profiles of the
fluid velocity, the temperature and the apparent viscosity of the fluid.
The numerical code presented can also be applied to other industrial
applications.
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Keywords: molten polymers, rigid conduct, finite differences, incompressible fluid.
Determination of Generators Similarity Criterion for Power System Aggregation
Using K-Means Clustering Method
by Moez Davodi,
Ehsan Reihani, Mehdi Davodi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1324-1329
Abstract - This
paper describes an improved technique for identification of coherent
generators. In this method, the coherent generators are identified using
a pattern recognition approach called K-Means clustering method. Based
on the definition of coherency and hard clustering, similarity measures
of swing curves of rotor angles of generators in the network are
obtained. Coherency measure of the generators in coherent groups in
electrical networks is also shown by bar diagram. One of the advantages
of this method is the capability of separating of the network into
arbitrary number of groups. In each separation, the accuracy of number
of coherent groups and dynamic equivalences are investigated. After the
separating the network into several groups, the generators in each group
are aggregated into one equivalent generator. The proposed method is
simulated on 39-bus, 10 generators New England test system. The obtained
results show that the proposed method has a high accuracy in
identification and aggregation of the coherent generators.
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Keywords: Cluster analysis, Coherent generators, Coherency, Criterion, Dynamic behaviors, Generator aggregation, K-Means clustering, Power System, Similarity matrix.
Image processing function with Measurement of the spinal column by interferometry
laser experimental biomedical with Observations
by Mohammedi
Ferhat, Bensaada Said, Zergui Belgacem
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1330-1334
Abstract - This
paper evaluates and compares the method studied the spinal column in
biomechanics. We present a mathematical analysis of moiré phenomena for
shape recognition. The illuminating field is spatially partially
coherent and homogeneous. We show, in this case the existing of critical
coherence field structure which reduces the visibility of the fringes.
Several applications are emphasized; Theoretical predictions are
compared with experimental results. The feasibility and effectiveness of
the proposed method is demonstrated by computer simulation.
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Keywords: Scoliosis, Images, Simulation, Topography.
International Review on Modelling and Simulations - Papers (Part B)
Performance of Photovoltaic Module at Different Tilt Angles in Perlis, Northern
Malaysia
by I. Daut, M.
Irwanto, M. Ezzani, M. I. Yusoff
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1335-1343
Abstract - This
paper presents a calculation of the tilt angles and the solar irradiance
on PV module in Perlis, Nortern Malaysia. A mathematical modeling is
used to calculate the tilt angles and the solar irradiance, which depend
on latitude and day number. The optimum tilt angle of PV module was
determined by searching a yearly maximum total and average solar
irradiance. The tilt angles of PV module in Perlis, Northern Malaysia
are -17.160 to 29.740. For the state of Perlis, Northern Malaysia (has
latitude 6.290 N) is recommended that the optimum tilt angle of the PV
module from the horizontal be put equal to 6.840 (an angle of the
latitude of the location +0.550). The best performance of PV module is
reached when the tilt angle is 6.840.
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Keywords: Solar Irradiance; Optimum Tilt Angle; Performance Of PV Module.
Islanding Detection Based on Voltage and Current THD and ROCOF Method
by B.Sobhani,
N.Ghadimi, H.Kazemi Kargar, R.Ghadimi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1344-1349
Abstract - Nowadays
Renewable energies in the world take special place for them, and many
distributed generations (DGs) in the power system utilize these types of
energy sources. Due to the DGs advantages, including using of Renewable
Energy which not polluting environment and has endless nature, the use
of these resources to produce electrical energy in the world are
increasing. One problem with such generators is an unwanted Islanding
phenomenon. This paper introduces a passive method for detection of
island condition in eclectically-interfaced distributed resource units
at the distribution voltage level. This method based on composed of
current and voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Rate of Change
of Frequency (ROCOF). In order to detection, out put current of DG and
load voltage and frequency of load voltage are measuring. In connected
mode THD and ROCOF almost have zero amounts but when islanding is
occurred THD and ROCOF have been changing. In this paper too have been
shown that the proposed method don’t encroach from IEEE1547 standard.
And the proposed method detected island mode lesser from 2 second. This
profess has been shown by simulation in MATLAB software.
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Keywords: Anti-Island; THD; Rate of Change of Frequency; Distributed Generations.
Modelling, Control Strategy of DFIG in a Wind Energy System and Feasibility
Study of a Wind Farm in Morocco
by H. Faida, J.
Saadi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1350-1362
Abstract - In this
work, our goal in the first time is to control a generator in a wind
system to improve its performance. Thus, we chose to model the DFIG for
its performance in wind systems, we chose the type of command to
implement it and finally the block diagram of the system to regulate.
Indeed, the control strategy chosen for the DFIG is a vector control in
an active power and reactive stator. The equation, the choice of
Landmark two-phase and simplifications necessary for the synthesis of
controllers is presented. And a simulation in MATLAB 7 is made in this
sense. Secondly, this work is the result of a feasibility study project
of electricity generation through wind turbines (WTG). In fact, we
analyzed the wind data collected during one year at a site in Morocco.
We assessed all graphs that are the basis for achieving the final goal:
namely the potential wind site, the Weibull distribution of wind
frequencies, analysis of calm wind and diurnal variation, the prediction
of energy based on a judicious choice of the machine and the
determination of wind direction for implementation of wind turbines.
Subsequently, we studied the impact of wind integration on the grid at
the point of common coupling, and we proposed an industrial solution for
remote management to optimize the exploitation of the production of this
wind farm.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
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Keywords: Modelling, Control Strategy of DFIG, Wind Data, Potential Wind, Wind Park, Aero Generators, Impact of Wind Integration on the Grid, Harmonics, Telemanagement.
Comparative Study of Series and Parallel configurations of Solar PV Array under
Partial Shaded Conditions
by R.Ramaprabha,
Dr.B.L.Mathur
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1363-1371
Abstract - In this
paper, the comparative study of series and parallel solar photovoltaic (SPV)
array configurations is carried out to analyze their performance under
different shaded working conditions. The different cases of partial
shade of the panels have been analyzed. This study has been carried out
from the improved model for the simulation work. A novel electronic load
method to quickly draw the characteristics and recording the result has
been proposed in this paper to validate the developed model. The results
have been obtained by writing the mathematical equations in MATLAB- M
file. Through M-file programming increased number of modules can be
easily studied under different shading patterns. This approach can be
extended for finding the different array configurations to attain the
higher electrical energy production.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Solar PV Array, Improved Model, Partial Shading, Series Configuration, Parallel Configuration, Electronic Load.
Evaluation of Lightning Performance of Overhead Transmission Line Based on 132
kV Double Circuit Tower Structures
by D. Caulker, H.
Ahmad, Z. Abdul-Malek
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1372-1381
Abstract - Analysis
of the performance of an overhead transmission line has been performed
using IEEE Flash version 1.81 to calculate the backflashover rate
performance of a 132 kV transmission line of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
in Malaysia with respect to variations in the tower footing resistance,
tower structures, and length of span of the towers. The study was
carried out using the 132 kV structural design, conductor, shield
wire(type, area, etc)geometrical position of conductors, insulation
string, numbers, length, tower footing resistance and the keraunic level
along the lines(ground flash densities and thunderstorm days) provided
by the Malaysian Meteorological Department. A zero degree shielding
angle for the shield wires was used to calculate the backflashover rate
(BFR) and the shielding failure rate (SFR). Simulation results indicate
that the variation of the tower footing resistance (TFR) from 1 to 25
ohms results in a corresponding increase in the total flashover rates.
Sensitivity analyses were conducted due to the uncertain values of the
TFR along the line route. Span length of 365 m between the towers shows
higher flashover rate in comparison to the 300 m span of conical
structure with respect to variations of the TFR height and tower
structures.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Shielding Failure, Backflashover Rate, Transmission Line, Tower Footing Resistance, Ground Flash Density, Span.
Reactive Power Compensation and Power Factor Correction Using Fuzzy Logic Based
SVC
by Mehdi Safaeian,
Mehdi Abapoor
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1382-1387
Abstract - This
paper presents an application of fuzzy control to determine the control
signal of static var compensator (SVC) for reactive power compensation
and power factor correction. Input signals for the FLC are chosen as
load reactive power and initial firing angle of thyristors. The control
signal is calculated using fuzzy membership functions. The effectiveness
and feasibility of the TSK (Takagi-Sugeno-Kang) and mamdani type fuzzy
controllers for thyristors firing control in SVC is compared.
Effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by simulation
studies on a single machine infinite bus system. Results obtained show
improvement in the overall system characteristics using the proposed
adaptive fuzzy logic SVC controller.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Reactive Power, Fuzzy, SVC.
Effect of Using Fault Current Limiter on Power Quality Improvement
by H. Morshedi, A.
Ghorbani, M. Abapoor
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1388-1393
Abstract - In this
paper a resonant type fault current limiter (FCL) is presented. During
normal operation of system, the resonant branches are short circuited
and there is not any voltage drop on FCL. In this way, in normal system
operation case, the FCL have almost any effect on load operation. After
a short time of fault occurring, the control circuit triggers two
anti-parallel thyristors and a resistor conducts fault current and
limits it. So, in this case FCL have high equivalent resistance that it
can limit the fault current. The magnitude of equivalent resistance and
also the magnitude of fault current depend on the resistance magnitude.
By using EMTDC software we carried out analysis of the voltage and
current waveforms for fault conditions. Analytical analysis and
designing procedure are presented.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Resonant Type Fault Current Limiter, Power Quality, Bypass Resistance, Fault Analysis.
Optimal Bidding Strategy in Electricity Markets by Considering Emission
Constraints Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm and Comparison with other
Heuristic Methods
by Ali Reza
Shafighi Malekshah, Mojtaba Mahvy, Rouzbeh Jahani, Heidar Ali Shayanfar
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1394-1398
Abstract -
This study represents an optimal strategy for bidding in power markets
which includes Environmental Penalties using agent-based modeling.
Environmental penalties are considered for fossil-fueled power plants
due to CO2, NO2,…emissions. The total emission of these pollutants can
be expressed as sum of a quadratic and an exponential function. It has
been assumed demand is inelastic, and then the reward of each player
(Gen-Co) is optimized. Each player has three decision variables and bids
to market through gaming them. The method used for optimize is Simulated
Annealing (SA) that applies to optimization the multi variable
functions. The results obtained through SA, are compared with results of
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm and represented 14.6% and
34.4% improvement in total reward of the market and emission
respectively.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Simulated Annealing (SA) Algorithm; Power market; Bidding strategy; Environmental penalties; Emission; Agent-based.
Optimal Allocation of FACTS Devices for Secure Clearing of Reactive Power Market
in Deregulated Power Systems
by H. Morshedi, A.
Ghorbani, M. Abapoor
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1399-1409
Abstract - A
day-ahead reactive power market which is cleared in the form of
multiobjective context utilize minimization of Total Payment Function (TPF)
of generators, representing the payment paid to the generators for their
reactive power compensation or minimization of real power loss, voltage
security margin, overload index, and also voltage drop index. In this
paper a day-ahead reactive power market proposes which considers system
security aspects in the clearing of reactive power market with
incorporating Static Var Compensator (SVC) as a one of market
participants. Reactive power cost and security indices analysis are
integrated using an optimal power flow formulation, which is solved
using nsga-II program to choose the best compromise solution according
to the specific preference among various non-dominated (pareto optimal)
solutions. The proposed methodology is tested on the IEEE 30bus test
system. Simulation results show that the security indices and TPF is
improved with optimally placing SVC.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Reactive Power, Power Market, FACTS Devices.
Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Control Strategies for 2 MW Wind Generating
Systems
by L. Mihet-Popa,
V. Groza
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1410-1418
Abstract -
This paper gives an overview of the control strategies for large wind
turbines using induction generators. Also, the paper describes dynamic
modeling and simulation results of a two power generating systems:
active-stall constant-speed wind turbine with cage-rotor induction
machine connected to the grid through a soft-starter and a
pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine using wound-rotor induction
machine with the stator windings directly connected to the grid and with
the rotor windings connected to a back-to-back partial scale power
converter. To evaluate the performance for both wind turbine concepts, a
set of simulations are performed for wind gusts at an average wind speed
higher than the rated value. The models are implemented in the power
system simulation tool DIgSILENT Power Factory, which provides an
extensive library for grid components and a dynamic simulation language
for modeling of each wind turbine component.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Active Stall Control, Cage-Rotor & Doubly-Fed Induction Machine, Pitch Angle Control, Rotor Efficiency, Wind Gusts, Wind Turbines.
Developed Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm on Power System Stabilizer
by M. Khaleghi, M.
Mohammadian, M. Farsangi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1419-1426
Abstract - This
paper investigates the ability of improved version of Strength Pareto
Evolutionary Algorithm, namely SPEA2, as a multi-objective algorithm to
design two power system stabilizers (PSSs) coordinately for a
multi-machine power system to damp the inter-area oscillation. Based on
proposed methods, the parameters of the PSSs are coordinately determined
by SPEA2 using two eigenvalue-based objective functions. The numerical
results are presented on a 2-area 4-machines system to illustrate the
feasibility of the proposed method and the results of SPEA2 have been
confirmed and compared with Real Genetic Algorithm (RGA) and Real Immune
Algorithm (RIA) as single-objective Algorithms. The simulation studies
show that the proposed controller performs better than RGA and RIA in
finding the solution.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Evolutionary Multi-Objective Optimization, Real Immune Algorithm, Low-Frequency Oscillations, PSS.
Determination and Allocation of Reactive Power Cost using Developed Tracing
Method
by Seyed Mohammad
Hussein Nabavi, Somayeh Hajforoosh, Sajad Hajforosh, Ahmad Karimi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1427-1433
Abstract -
Conventional methods of determining and allocating of reactive power
costs which are based on power factor, do not provide an accurate method
to consumers reactive power pricing. While support for ensuring proper
and continuous reactive power is needed to generate sufficient
incentives to generate reactive power. To motivate participates, it is
needed to create an economic structure of reactive power. In this paper,
a method for determining the cost of reactive power is presented
considering direct and indirect costs in generating and transmission.
The developed tracing method for allocating reactive power cost is
introduced. Simulation results in the IEEE 30-bus test system are
considered to test and validate the proposed method. The methodologies,
results and discussion presented in this paper show that the presented
method is practical and has reasonable speed for determination and
allocating reactive power cost.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Reactive Power, Tracing Method, Opportunity Cost.
Modeling and Application of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) Evaluating
Shunt and Series Inverters Loading
by M. Siahi, M.
Hoseinpour, M. Najafi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1434-1440
Abstract - As much
as nonlinear loads and power electronics devices are more applied in
power distribution systems, the importance of power quality increases.
In this paper, unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is designed and
simulated by synchronous reference frame theory. The proposed system is
comprised of series and shunt inverters which can compensate the sag,
swell and unbalance voltage, harmonics and also the reactive power. PI
controller is used to stabilize DC link voltage and balance the active
power between the shunt and series inverters. The capacity of series and
shunt inverters is calculated through loading calculations of these
inverters applying phasor diagram to increase the design accuracy. The
results of simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK software show that the system
operates correctly.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Active Power Filter, Power Quality, Unified Power Quality Conditioner, Synchronous Reference Frame Theory, Inverter Loading.
Applying Dynamic Voltage Restorer for Voltage Distortion Optimization and Fault
Current Limitation
by S.Sajedi, A.
Pirayesh, B.Mozafari, S.Torabzad
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1441-1446
Abstract - Dynamic
Voltage Restorer (DVR) is mainly applied to optimize voltage quality and
compensating voltage sag and swell. In this paper, DVR application with
new control method is proposed for downstream fault current reduction in
addition to voltage distortion compensation. The control system
recognizes fault occurrence by monitoring load current and determines if
DVR should operate in fault current reduction mode or compensation mode.
As fault occurs, the fault current is reduced by adding an additional
control function to the overall controlling unit. The control strategy
change operates in a way that the DVR functions as a great inductor
during the fault. As fault is ride-through, the control unit returns DVR
to its normal operation mode by calculating the load voltage. The
proposed topology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results well
shows the proper performance of the system under voltage distortion and
fault occurrence conditions.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Voltage Distortion, Virtual Impedance, Fault Current.
Using Genetic Algorithm for Social Welfare Maximization in Deregulated Power
Markets by Optimal Locating and Sizing of TCSC
by Seyed Mohammad
Hossein Nabavi, Somayeh Hajforoosh, Sajad Hajforosh, Ahmad Karimi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1447-1453
Abstract - Series
FACTS devices such as TCSC, with its ability to directly control the
power flow can be very effective to improve the operation of
transmission network. In this paper, corrective solution for congestion
management by using TCSC has been reviewed. A novel genetic algorithm
for finding the optimal location and size of this device was proposed
for congestion management with the aim of increasing social welfare
while cost of TCSC was incorporated. The simulation results were
successfully tested on IEEE 14-bus system. Analyzing the results with
and without FACTS devices confirms that these devices are appropriate
for long time congestion management.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Congestion management, deregulated power market, genetic algorithm, social welfare, TCSC, optimal power flow.
Reactive Power Cost Allocation in Re-Structured Electric Power Environment
by Seyed Mohammad
Hossein Nabavi, Somayeh Hajforoosh, Sajad Hajforosh, Ahmad Karimi
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1454-1460
Abstract - In a non
competitive environment usually a part of the cost of reactive power is
considered in the cost of active power and some parts are considered as
penalties in the coefficient of load power. While in the competitive
environment for a proper function of the system, this part of ancillary
services must be purchased through a contract or suggested cost.
Therefore its cost must be paid in a fair price by user. In addition in
the market of reactive power much attention is paid to the fair
allocation of cost for customers. In this paper a new method is provided
for allocation of cost for customers in a competitive environment. One
of the most important characteristics of this method is calculation of
the load shares in reactive losses of lines based on theory of
proportional share in which active and reactive losses of the line is
considered which is the result of transmission of reactive power to
loads. In other words in the suggested method a part of line losses
which is related to lines which absorb all entry reactive powers
resulting from transmission of reactive power to loads. Also in this
method the cooperation share of the system in supplying the reactive
power separates from share of source. Therefore fair cost allocation
between customers will occur.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Competitive environment, reactive market, cost allocation, reactive power tracing, proportional share rule.
Verification of a Novel Proposed Control System for DVR to Correct the Voltage
Sag
by A. D. Falehi,
M. Rostami
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1461-1467
Abstract - In this
paper, voltage sag is compensated by DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) in
distribution system. This device is placed between sensitive load and
supply to inject voltage in series in order to correct the voltage sag.
Subsequently, voltage sag compensation techniques in distribution system
are explained in details. Due to the restriction of storage energy in
DVR's capacitors, minimization of active power injection by DVR is
essential. Thus, minimum active power injection method applied to
compensate voltage sag (balance & unbalance). Then a new control system
for DVR based on minimum injection active power method is described.
Finally, voltage sag correction by proposed control system is studied
and evaluated in spite of variation in load power factor.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Power Quality, Voltage Sag, DVR, System Control, Control Strategy, Compensation.
MPP Tracker of a PV System using Sliding Mode Control with Minimum Transient
Response
by M. I. Arteaga
Orozco, J. R. Vázquez, P. Salmerón
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1468-1475
Abstract - This
paper presents an efficient strategy control to maximize the power flow
from a photovoltaic array to a stand-alone AC load. The photovoltaic
power interface circuit incorporates a buck-boost converter and a
full-bridge inverter. The buck-boost operates at high switching
frequency and the full-bridge inverter operates at low frequency of 50
Hertz to make the output voltage a sine wave. The power conditioning
system’s control assures Maximum Power Tracking (MPPT) optimized the
photovoltaic energy extraction and improves output voltage regulation.
To maximize the steady-state input-output power transfer ratio a sliding
mode control is proposed permitting a direct control of DC/DC converter.
The stability as well as the robustness of the system is addressed and a
control diagram is present. The efficiency of the proposed approach is
verified through MATLAB simulations.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Photovoltaic system, buck-boost converter, sliding mode control, maximum power point tracking.
Comparison of Novel Heuristic Technique and Other Evolutionary Methods for
Optimal Unit Commitment of Power System
by Hadi Chahkandi
Nejad, Rouzbeh Jahani, Heidar Ali Shayanfar, Javad Olamaei
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1476-1482
Abstract - The
solution of the unit commitment problem (UCP) is a complex optimization
problem. The exact solution of the UCP can he obtained by a complete
enumeration of all feasible combinations of generating units, which
could be a huge number. The objective is to find the generation
scheduling such that the total operating cost can be minimized, when
subjected to a variety of constraints. This also means that it is
desirable to find the optimal generating unit commitment in the power
system for the next hours. This paper presents a Modified Shuffled Frog
Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA) to solve optimal Unit Commitment Problem (UCP).
The MSFLA is applied to the widely used ten-unit test system and its
multiples (10-100). Comparing our results with those of many UC solving
methods demonstrate that not only the MSFLA procedure consider is the
constraints very well, but also has some advantages, such as good
convergence, fast calculating speed and high precision.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA); Power System; Unit Commitment Problem (UCP); System Constraints.
Using EMTP-TACS in Teaching Modeling of Arcing Fault in Power Transmission Line
to Senior Undergraduate Students
by J. Moshtagh, M.
Jannati, H.R. Baghaee
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1483-1491
Abstract - Modeling
of transient states is one of the important part of power system
analysis. Also, the EMTP/ATP is the standard software widely used
universally accepted program by the electrical engineers for digital
simulation of Electromagnetic Transient phenomena, as well as
electromechanically behaviors of electrical power systems. In this
paper, a new method has been introduced to teach the Ms Students of
electrical engineering as a part of power system transient course.
Simulation of fault arc by EMTP/ATP has been presented in order to teach
the principles of fault arc modeling in power systems and to analyze the
simulation results of transient states. As the first part of this paper,
the fault arc model in power systems and its distinction in TACS has
been clarified. At the second part, the step by step simulation of arc
model in TACS has been presented. The effectiveness of this method has
been shown in several semesters with more than 20 students and it can
improve the understanding of TACS capabilities and fault arc model.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Fault Arc, Power System Transient, Power Transmission Lines.
Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimal Location of TCSC and SSSC in the Power System
Network
by M. Karami, N.
Mariun, M. Z. A. Ab Kadir
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1492-1500
Abstract - FACTS
controllers are based on power electronics technology. They are able to
control three main parameters of transmission line such as voltage
magnitude, voltage angle and line impedance. Different types of FACTS
devices and their various locations in the power system have different
effects. In this paper, a practical, accurate and famous heuristic
method in engineering science known as genetic algorithm (GA) is used to
find the optimal location of FACTS devices and their appropriate size
and setting is presented. This method is employed to maximize distance
to collapse point of power system and to reduce total active power loss.
The continuation power flow (CPF) method is operated to identify the
collapse point and critical situation of system. Two types of FACTS
devices considered in this study are Thyristor Controlled Series
Capacitor (TCSC) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC).
Modeling and simulation are performed on IEEE 14, 57 and 118 bus test
system. The acquired results clearly display the effectiveness of this
study to find the best location, appropriate size and setting of FACTS
devices to achieve mentioned objectives. Furthermore, the results show
the effect and capability of FACTS devices to modify different
parameters of power system.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: TCSC, SSSC, Voltage Collapse, Continuation Power Flow Analysis, Genetic Algorithm.
Reactive Power Pricing Emphasizing on Voltage Stability
by B. Noshad, M.
S. Javadi, M. Joorabian, M. Goodarzi, A. Javadinasab
Vol. 3. n. 6, pp. 1501-1508
Abstract - In modern
power systems, commitment of the generation units based on economical
principles of market is considered as an important base, so in these
competitive market, making a fair evaluation method can play an
important role in returning the costs to the Genco’s. Because securing
the reactive power and controlling the voltage in power system to
increase the safety and security of the system and to improve the
quality of the real power is very important and transferring both the
active and reactive power is impossible without controlling the voltage
and securing the reactive power. This paper addresses the problem of
reactive power procurement by an independent system operator (ISO) in
deregulated electricity markets. A reactive bid structure is proposed in
the context of a reactive power market. Based on the reactive power
price offers and technical constraints involved in reactive power
planning, a two-tier approach is developed to determine the most
beneficial reactive power contracts for the ISO. The reactive capability
of a generator and therefore the opportunity costs in providing reactive
power is also considered. This article will discuss the evaluation of
reactive power and making competitive markets by cooperation of all
reactive power compensators. The IEEE RTS-24 BUS test system is used to
evaluating the proposed method. These tests serve to demonstrate
computational results of proposed method with electrical distance method
and traditionally optimal power flow (OPF).
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords: Ancillary Services, Independent System Operator, Reactive Power Electricity Markets.
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